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7th Grade History
Chapter 16
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Fort Sumter | first shots of civil war fired here on April 12, 1861 |
| Robert E. Lee | General who commanded all southern troops |
| border states | a slave state that touched states in which slavery was illegal |
| King Cotton | cotton was called this because it was important to the world market |
| Anaconda Plan | the northern strategy to divide and conquer the south |
| First Battle of Bull Run | the first major battle of the war and the Confederates won |
| hygiene | conditions and practices that promote health |
| rifle | is a gun with a grooved barrel that causes a bullet to spin through the air most widely used: model 1861 springfield musket |
| minie ball | is a bullet with a hollow base...it is a deadly bone shattering ball |
| ironclad | warships covered with iron |
| How did the North name each battle? | by the nearest creek or river |
| How did the South name each battle? | by the nearest town |
| What was the nickname of the Confederate Soldiers? | Johnny Reb |
| Who was the Union Army's first general at Bull Run? | Irwin McDowell |
| What was the date of the Battle of Bull Run? | July 21, 1861 |
| Ulysses S. Grant | victorious Union General in the west nickname: "Unconditional Surrender" |
| Battle of Shiloh | Union Victory in TN. Grant gets reinforcements and forces the Confederates to retreat |
| cavalry | soldiers on horseback |
| Seven Day's Battle | battle between June 25 and July 1. Lee and Jackson defeat the Union under McClellan |
| Battle of Antietam | Battle fought in Maryland...was the single bloodiest day battle in the war (25,000 men) |
| At the start of the war, what were the strengths for the Union? | 1. twice the population 2. 85% of factories - twice the amount of Railroads 3. sizable army - secure banks 4. strong president |
| At the start of the war, what were the weaknesses for the Union? | long supply lines for army fighting in south |
| At the start of the war, what were the strengths for the Confederacy? | 1. good generals 2. defensive war - defending home 3. knew the land well - fighting on own land 4. good outdoor living skills |
| At the start of the war, what were the weaknesses for the Confederacy? | 1. half the population 2. lack of railroads & navy 3. fighting on own land |
| what was the strategy for the south? | 1. wage defensive war - wear out the enemy 2. get help from foreign countries 3. capture capitol of Washington D.C. |
| what was the strategy for the North? | 1. Control Mississippi River 2. blockade southern parts 3. seize control of Richmond, VA the southern capitol |
| Fort Sumter | * April 12, 1861 * location - Charleston, SC * Confederates won * 1st shot of Civil War * Major Anderson- (U)/Gen Beauregard (C) |
| 1st Battle of Bull Run | * July 21, 1861 * location - Manassas, VA * Conferates won * 1st major land battle and R.R. used to bring troops * McDowell(U);Beauregard, Johnston, Jackson(C) |
| Battle of the Iron Clads | * March 9, 1862 * location - Hampton Roads, VA * battle was a draw * wooden ships became a thing of the past |
| Fort Henry and Fort Donalson | * February 1862 * Ft Henry-Tennessee River/Ft Donelson-Cumberland River * Union victory * opens up a river "highway" into the heart of the south * Grant (U) |
| Shiloh | * April 6-7, 1862 * location - Pittsburg Landing, TN * Union victory * One of the wars bloodiest battles * Grant (U) / Johnston & Beauregard (C) |
| New Orleans | * April 25, 1862 * New Orleans * Union victory * Union controls the most important city in the west * Admiral David Farragut (U) |
| Seven Days Battle | * June 25-July 1, 1862 * Richmond, VA * Confederate victory * Lee and Jackson force McClellan to retreat again…fired and Lee takes over for south * McClellan (U) / Johnston & Lee (C) |
| 2nd Bull Run | * August 29-30, 1862 * Manassas, VA * confederate victory * Union fails to advance to Richmond so Pope is now out and McClellan is in command for a second time |
| Antietam | * September 17, 1862 * Sharpsburg, MD * Draw * Single bloodiest day of the war/ McClellan fired for 2nd time * McClellan (U) / Lee (C) |
| why did people volunteer for the army? | 1. escape boredom of farm or factory 2. join friends or neighbors 3. seek adventure, glory 4. get recruitment money 5. show loyalty to country, state, area |
| what was the organization of the army from smallest to largest? | company - 100 men regiment - 10,000 when full strength brigades - 3,000 when full strength division - 9,000 when full strength corps - 27,000 when full strength |
| what was the biggest killer of soldiers in the civil war? | disease |
| what color were the uniforms for the North? | blue |
| what color were the uniforms for the south? | grey or yellowish brown |
| what is the most popular sidearm? | colt army model 1860 |
| why does Lee invade the north without permission of President Davis? | 1. Hoped a victory in the north might force Lincoln into peace talks 2. Invasion would give Virginia farmers a rest from war to harvest crops 3. Convince France and Great Britain the south could win |
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HOMSSeminar
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