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Chapter 12 Services
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Basic Industries | Industries that sell their products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement |
| Business Services | Services that primarily meet the needs of other businesses |
| Central Business District (CBD) | The area of the city where retail and office activities are clustered |
| Central Place | A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area |
| Central place theory | Explains the distribution of services,based on: settlements are the centers of market areas; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel further |
| City-state | A sovereign state comprising a city and its immediate hinterland |
| Clustered Rural Settlement | A rural settlement in which the houses and farm buildings of each family are situated close to each other and fields surround the settlement |
| Consumer Services | Businesses that provide services primarily to individual consumers |
| Dispersed rural settlement | a rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages. |
| Economic base | A community’s collection of basic industries |
| Enclosure Movement | the process of consolidating small land holdings into larger farms in England during the 18th century |
| Gravity model | A model that holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service. |
| Market area/ Hinterland | the area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services |
| Nonbasic Industries | Industries that sell their products primarily to consumers in the community |
| Personal Services | services that provide for the well being and personal improvement of individual consumers |
| Primate City | The largest settlement in a country, if it has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement |
| Primate City Rule | a pattern of settlements in a country, such that the largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second ranking settlement |
| Producer Services | provide services primarily to help people conduct other businesses |
| Public Services | Services offered by the government to provide security and protection for citizens and businesses |
| Range (of a service) | he maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service |
| Rank-size Rule | a pattern of settlements in a country, such that the nth largest settlement is in the population of the largest settlement |
| Retail Service | Services that provide goods for sale to consumers |
| Service | Any activity that fulfills a human want or need and returns money to those who provide it |
| Settlement | A permanent collection of buildings and inhabitants. |
| Transportation and Information Services | businesses that diffuse and distribute services |
| Central Place Theory | Walter Cristallo explains the reasons behind how the most profitable area of a particular service is identified. Consumers go to buy goods in close proximity to the markets. Population and demand for goods as affect availability of goods. |
| Threshold | he minimum number of people needed to support the service |
| Action Spaces | the spaces in which one individual makes his/her decisions and actions |
| Colonial City | urban centers that arose in colonized areas |
| Concentric Zone Model | shows how urban centers arise in a concentric formFrom center outwards, the rings are:central business district, residential zone, working class zone, zone of transition, factory zone, commuter zone |
| Edge City | an urban center located in a previously rural area, outside of a central business district |
| European Cities | metropolitan areas in Europe |
| Feudal city | a city with an organizational system similar to that of feudalism |
| Forward Capital | a capital that is symbolically moved to a geographically or otherwise superior location |
| Gateway City | cities that allow access to a country, i.e. ones that have airports |
| Gateway City | cities that allow access to a country, i.e. ones that have airports |
| Industrial Revolution | a progression of technology and ideas through the developed world in the mid 19th century |
| Islamic Cities | important cities in Islamic land |
| Latin American Cities | cities located in Latin America |
| Latin American Cities | cities built in medieval eras |
| Metropolitan Areas | areas of high urban concentration |
| Multiple Nuclei model | multiple CBDs originate from one main CBD, forming multiple nuclei |
| New urbanization | a movement creating centers similar to those prior to the invention of the automobile |
| Node | Geographical centers of activity |
| Sector model | Homer Hoyt explains that zones expand outward from the city center along railroads, highways, and other transportation amenities |
| World City | a cosmopolitan city where residents and foreigners coexist |
| Central Place Theory | Walter Cristallo explains the reasons behind how the most profitable area of a particular service is identified. Consumers go to buy goods in close proximity to the markets. Population and demand for goods as affect availability of goods. |
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Chapter 12
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