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37 Latin Ameri 21st
Struggle was primarily one of economic disengagement and an effort to develop
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Third world | term for nations not among the capitalist industrial nations of the first world or the industrialized communist nations of the second world. |
| Party of Institutionalized Revolution (PRI) | inclusive Mexican political party developing from the 1920s; ruled for the rest of the 20th century |
| Zapatistas | Mexican guerilla movement; named after revolutionary Emiliano Zapata |
| North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) | agreement between the U.S., Mexico, and Canada that lowered trade barriers. |
| Juan José Arevalo | reformist president of Guatemala elected in 1944; his programs led to conflict with foreign interests. |
| United Fruit Company | most important foreign company in Guatemala; 1993 nationalization effort of some of its land holdings caused a U.S. reaction |
| Fulgencio Batista | authoritarian ruler of Cuba (1934–1944) |
| Ernesto “Che” Guevara | Argentinian revolutionary; worked with Fidel Castro in Cuba |
| Fidel Castro | revolutionary leader who replaced Batista in 1958; reformed Cuban society with socialist measures; supported economically and politically by the Soviet Union until its collapse. |
| Sandinista party | Nicaraguan party; removed by power in 1990 elections, under U.S. influence. Named for Augusto Sandino. |
| Liberation theology | combination of Roman Catholic and socialist principles aiming to improve the lives of the poor |
| Salvador Allende | Chilean socialist president; overthrown by a military coup in 1973 |
| Banana republics | conservative, often dictatorial, Latin American governments friendly to the U.S.; exported tropical products |
| Good Neighbor Policy | introduced by U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933 to deal fairly, without intervention, with Latin American states |
| Alliance for Progress | 1961 U.S. program for economic development of Latin America |
| Favelas | Brazilian term for shantytowns |
| Jorge Luis Borges | writers rejecting traditional form as unsuitable for representing reality; turned to “magical realism.” |
| Gabriel García Marquez | writers rejecting traditional form as unsuitable for representing reality; turned to “magical realism.” |
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