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39 Asia Revolt
Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Singapore | part of the British colony of Malaya with a mostly Chinese population; after World War II emerged as a flourishing, independent city-state. |
| Douglas MacArthur | American commander during the war against Japan; headed American occupation government of Japan after the war; commanded United Nations forces during the Korean War. |
| Liberal Democratic Party | moderate political party that monopolized Japanese governments from 1955 into the 1990s. |
| Republic of Korea | southern half of Korea occupied by the United States after World War II; developed parliamentary institutions under authoritarian rulers; underwent major industrial and economic growth after the 1950s. |
| Democratic People’s Republic of Korea | northern half of Korea dominated by U.S.S.R. after Word War II; formed a communist dictatorship under Kim Il-Song; attacked South Korea to begin the Korean War. |
| Korean War | fought between 1950 and 1953 between North Korea and its Soviet and Chinese allies and South Korea and United Nations’ forces directed by the United States; ended in stalemate. |
| Taiwan | island off the Chinese mainland that became the refuge for Chiang Kai-shek’s Guomindang regime; maintained independence with United States support; rapidly industrialized after the 1950s. |
| Hong Kong | British colony in China; became a major commercial and industrial center; returned to China in 1997 |
| Hyundai | major Korean industrial giant; typical of firms producing Korea’s economic miracle |
| Lee Kuan Yew | authoritarian ruler of Singapore for three decades from 1959; presided over major economic development |
| Mass Line | economic policy of Mao Zedong inaugurated in 1955; led to formation of agricultural cooperatives that then became farming collectives in 1956; peasants lost land gained a few years earlier |
| Great Leap Forward | economic policy of Mao Zedong introduced in 1958; proposed small-scale industrialization projects integrated into peasant communities; led to economic disaster and ended in 1960. |
| Zhou Enlai, Deng Xiaoping, and Liu Shaoqui | pragmatists who opposed the Great Leap Forward; wanted to restore state direction and market incentives at the local level |
| Jiang Qing | wife of Mao Zedong; one of the Gang of Four; opposed pragmatists and supported the Cultural Revolution; arrested and imprisoned for life in 1976 |
| People’s Liberation Army | military, and dominant, arm of the communist structure in China |
| Cultural Revolution | initiated by Mao Zedong in 1965 to restore his dominance over the pragmatists; disgraced and even killed bureaucrats and intellectuals; called off in 1968. |
| Lin Bao | one of Mao Zedong’s military associates |
| People’s Republic of China | communist Chinese government; founded in 1949 by Mao Zedong. |
| Red Guard | student brigades active during the Cultural Revolution in supporting Mao Zedong’s policies. |
| Gang of Four | Jiang Qing and her allies who opposed the pragmatists after the death of Mao Zedong; arrested and sentenced to life in prison |
| Tayson Rebellion | peasant revolution in southern Vietnam during the 1770s; toppled the Nguyen and the Trinh dynasties |
| Nguyen Anh (Gia Long) | with French support, unified Vietnam under the Nguyen dynasty in 1802 with the capital at Hue |
| Minh Mang | second ruler of united Vietnam (1802–1841); emphasized Confucianism and persecuted Catholics. |
| Vietnamese Nationalist Party (VNQDD) | middle-class revolutionary organization during the 1920s; committed to the violent overthrow of French colonialism; crushed by the French |
| Communist Party of Vietnam | the primary nationalist party after the defeat of the VNQDD in 1929; led from 1920s by Ho Chi Minh |
| Ho Chi Minh (Nguyen Ai Quoc) | shifted to a revolution based on the peasantry in the 1930s; presided over the defeat of France in 1954 and the unsuccessful United States intervention in Vietnam. |
| Viet Minh | Communist Vietnamese movement; fought the Japanese during Word War II and the French afterwards |
| Vo Nguyen Giap | military commander of the Viet Minh and the victor at Dien Bien Phu in 1954. |
| Ngo Dinh Diem | became president of South Vietnam with United States support in the 1950s; overthrown by the military, with U.S. approval. |
| Viet Cong | the communist guerrilla movement in southern Vietnam during the Vietnamese war. |
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