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STAAR People
US History STAAR People Review
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Alexander Bell | Invented the telephone |
Thomas Edison | Invented the light bulb |
The Wright Brothers | Invented the airplane |
Henry Bessemer | Created the Bessemer process which greatly reduced the cost of making steel |
Andrew Carnegie | Steel Corporation “Captain of industry” Philanthropist "The Gospel of Wealth" |
John D. Rockefeller | Standard Oil Company “Robber Barron” Philanthropist |
Terrence Powderly | Leader of the Knights of Labor |
Samuel Gompers | Leader of the American Federation of Labor |
Boss Tweed | Controlled thousands of city workers and influenced the operation of schools, hospitals and other city-run services. |
William Jennings Bryan | “Cross of Gold” Speech Praised farmers and disliked bankers for “crucifying mankind on a cross of gold” Supported by the Populist Party |
Jane Addams | Hull House: a settlement house that served the poor inner city immigrants |
Ida B. Wells | Anti-lynching (murder by hanging) crusader and co-founder of the NAACP |
W.E.B. DuBois | Founder of the NAACP Believed that Blacks should seek immediate equality with Whites |
Booker T. Washington | Believed that Blacks should seek gradual equality and focus on job training |
Jacob Riis | "How the Other Half Lives" Examined the conditions of the poor in American cities |
Ida Tarbell | "History of the Standard Oil Company" Examined the Standard Oil Company |
Frank Norris | "The Octopus" Depicts the stranglehold of railroads over California farmers |
Upton Sinclair | "The Jungle" Examined the unsanitary practices of the meatpacking industry |
Lincoln Steffens | "The Shame of the Cities" Exposed corruption in city and state governments |
Robert LaFollette | He took steps to end corruption and the influence of big businesses in state government |
Susan B. Anthony & Elizabeth Cady Stanton | Women that fought for women’s right to vote (suffrage) |
Mark Twain | He coined the term ‘Gilded Age’ Author of "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" & "Huckleberry Finn" |
Joseph Pulitzer William Randolph Hearst | Owners of the newspapers that practiced Yellow Journalism |
Alfred Thayer Mahan | Wrote the Influence of Sea Power upon History (1890) Said for a country to achieve world power it needed to have a strong navy Because of this we modernized our navy! |
Queen Liliuokalani | The native ruler of Hawaii that tried to take political power back from American landowners |
Sanford B. Dole | Led the government in Hawaii while it worked out plans to be annexed into the U.S. |
Commodore Mathew Perry | He opened relations with Japan in 1853 after it had been isolated for hundreds of years. |
John Hay | U.S. Secretary of State that wanted to protect American business interests in China He came up with the Open Door Policy |
Dr. Walter Reed & Dr. William Gorgas | Discovered Yellow Fever came from mosquitoes and drained all standing water to reduce the threat |
Archduke Franz Ferdinand | The man assassinated from Austria-Hungary that triggered World War I |
John J. Pershing | The leader of the American Expeditionary Forces |
Henry Cabot Lodge | Strongly against the League of Nations (A failed organization to preserve peace in the world) |
J. Edgar Hoover & Attorney General Palmer | After a series of bombings these men were convinced that a group was planning to overthrow the government. In January 1920 they ordered a roundup of 4,000 suspects without warrants. 600 were deported and the remaining men were released |
Nicola Sacco & Bartolomeo Vanzetti | Convicted of murder during a robbery with little evidence Pressure for their release came from around the world They were executed in 1927. |
Henry Ford | Inventor of the Model T car in 1905 Greatly increased the efficiency of the Assembly Line |
Glenn Curtiss | Invented an airplane that could land and take off in the water—The Hydroeroplane |
Frances Willard | President of the National Women’s Temperance Movement She fought for temperance (Making alcohol illegal) |
William Jennings Bryan & Clarence Darrow | The lawyers in the Scopes Trial about evolution |
F. Scott Fitzgerald | Author of The Great Gatsby & The Jazz Age |
Langston Hughes | A Black poet during the Harlem Renaissance |
Marcus Garvey | A Black political activist. He pushed the Back-to-Africa Movement |
Charles Lindbergh | First person to fly across the Atlantic Ocean, making him a worldwide celebrity |
John Steinbeck | Author of The Grapes of Wrath |
Eleanor Roosevelt | The first lady and political activist |
Frances Perkins | The first female member of the U.S. Cabinet |
Joseph Stalin | The leader of the Soviet Union during World War II and later the Cold War |
Benito Mussolini | The leader of Fascist Italy during World War II |
Adolf Hitler | The leader of Nazi Germany during World War II |
Winston Churchill | The leader of Great Britain during World War II |
General George Patton | U.S. Commander of the forces in North Africa and Sicily |
Dwight Eisenhower | Supreme Ally Commander in World War II 34th President of the U.S.A. |
Vernon Baker | One of the first Black soldiers to see combat in WWII He fought courageously in the war but did not receive his Medal of Honor until 52 years later |
Admiral Chester Nimitz | Appointed Commander of the U.S. Pacific Fleet after the attack on Pearl Harbor |
General Douglas MacArthur | Leader of the U.S. Army in the Philippines and Guam during World War II Also the leader of the Army in the Korean War |
Albert Einstein | Famous scientist the was a part of the Manhattan Project to create the atomic bomb |
General Omar Bradley | Commanded an army that landed in the Normandy invasion in WWII |
George C. Marshall | The Secretary of State that came up with the Marshall Plan to help rebuild war torn Europe |
Mao Zedong | Leader of Red China after it falls to Communism in 1949 |
General Douglas MacArthur | Leader of the Army in the Korean War Wanted to use nuclear weapons against China He was fired by President Truman |
Senator Joseph McCarthy | Accused hundreds of people of being Communist or having ties with the Soviet Union with no evidence |
John Foster Dulles | Secretary of State devoted to containing Communism under President Eisenhower |
Jonas Salk | Created the vaccine that cured Polio in 1953 |
John Glenn | The first American to orbit the Earth |
Neil Armstrong & Buzz Aldrin | The men that walked on the moon |
Fidel Castro | The man that overthrew General Batista to become the Communist Dictator of Cuba He turned Cuba into a pro-Soviet nation |
Nikita Khrushchev | The leader of the Soviet Union during the failed Bay of Pigs Invasion and the Cuban Missile Crisis He ordered the construction of the Berlin Wall |
Barry Goldwater | A conservative extremist Senator from Arizona that ran for president against Johnson |
Betty Friedan | Author of the "Feminine Mystique" A book about unhappy housewives |
Ho Chi Minh | Leader of the Communist North Vietnamese |
Roy Benavidez | Wounded and facing enemy fire he saved 8 men in the Vietnam War Awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor in 1981 |
Henry Kissinger | Nixon's right hand man for foreign policy Developed the plan for Vietnamization (Bringing troops home and increasing bombing in North Vietnam) |
Jackie Robinson | The first African American baseball player to play in the major leagues |
Thurgood Marshall | Lead lawyer for the NAACP in the Brown v. Board of Education First Black Supreme Court Justice |
Earl Warren | The Chief Supreme Court Justice in the Brown v. Board of Education case |
Rosa Parks | The 43 year old woman that refused to give up her seat on a city bus. This led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott |
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. | Leader of the: Montgomery Bus Boycott Selma to Montgomery March He believed strongly in Civil Disobedience |
Orval Faubus | Governor of Arkansas that refused to integrate the Little Rock High School |
George Wallace | Governor of Alabama that attempted to stop the integration of the University of Alabama |
Billy Graham | A Christian preacher and spiritual leader to several U.S. Presidents He bailed MLK out of jail in Birmingham |
Lester Maddox | When required by the government to admit Blacks into his restaurant he chose to sell it instead He then became the governor of Georgia |
Hector Perez Garcia | World War II veteran that fought for the rights of Mexican Americans in Texas. He arranged a funeral of a fallen soldier that was not allowed to be buried in Texas to be buried in the Arlington National Cemetery |
Cesar Chavez | Organized migrant farm workers in California Led a nationwide consumer boycott of farm products Believed in Civil Disobedience United Farm Workers founder |
Delores Huerta | Mexican American labor leader that worked with Cesar Chavez United Farm Workers founder Believe in nonviolent protests |
Phyllis Schlafly | She was against the Equal Rights Amendment because she thought it would ruin the traditional lifestyle for women She also thought it would lead to unisex bathrooms and women in combat roles |
Spiro Agnew | Nixon's vice president that was forced to resign because he took bribes while he was a governor |
Anwar Sadat & Menachem Begin | President of Egypt & Prime Minister of Israel Camp David Accords |
Ayatollah Khomeini | Religious leader that took over Iran after the revolution that overthrew the Shah |
Sandra Day O'Connor | First female Supreme Court Justice |
Mikhail Gorbachev | Leader of the Soviet Union when it fell in 1991 |
Manuel Noriega | Drug-dealer and Dictator of Panama that was overthrown by the American government |
Suddam Hussein | Leader of Iraq during the Persian Gulf War and the Iraq War |
Hilary Clinton | Very active first lady that led healthcare reform that was denied by Congress |
Ross Perot | Third party candidate in the 1992 election Most successful candidate since Roosevelt in 1912 |
Newt Gingrich | Republican Speaker of the House Proposed the Contract with America (A set of conservative principles) |
Bill Gates | Co-founder of Microsoft This software is in most computers today Entrepreneur |
Sam Walton | The founder of Walmart and Sam's Club from Arkansas Entrepreneur |
Estee Lauder | Female founder of a cosmetics line Entrepreneur |
Robert Johnson | First African American billionaire Founder of Black Entertainment Television (BET) Entrepreneur |
Lionel Sosa | Founded the largest Hispanic advertising agency in the U.S. Entrepreneur |
Ralph Nader | Third party candidate in the 2000 election |
Al Gore | Bill Clinton's vice president Ran for president against George W. Bush in 2000 |
Osama bin Laden | Leader of al-Qaeda and mastermind of the 9/11 attacks |
John McCain | Republican candidate in the 2008 election Former Vietnam Prisoner of War Current U.S. Senator from Arizona |
Oprah Winfrey | One of the world's wealthiest women and the highest paid entertainer in the world Her endorsement helped President Obama gain popularity in 2008 |
Sonia Sotomayor | First Hispanic Supreme Court Justice in 2009 |
Elena Kagan | A female Supreme Court Justice also appointed in 2009 |