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Planning Terms
Liveable comms, nodes, gateways, etc.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| vernacular architecture | vernacular architecture uses only building materials that are local to the area. |
| context sensitive design | Describes roadways that incorporate the following components: flexibility, community values, balance between economic, social, and environmental concerns. |
| activity nodes | incorporate mixed land use, pedestrian accessibility, buildings oriented along streets and public spaces, and accessibility to transit nodes. |
| Gridiron | A type of street layout utilizing a rectangular arrangement, and was a common component in the first North American cities. Gridiron pattern, which characterizes many North American cities, stemmed from the simple process of dividing up land into squares |
| scale | measuring the relative heights of buildings and employing the concept of "massing", which refers to the volume of buildings and open spaces. |
| scale (cont.) | When determining building height and massing, should consider: impact on pedestrian movement and view; street width; community identity; context; framing; economic feasibility; environmental impact |
| net density | net density = applies only to structures, which also includes any private land or secondary structures related to the primary structure. Often measured using FAR. |
| gross density | Includes both structures and infrastructure, such as streets and roads. In most cases, higher density development is preferable to lower density development. Density is assessed at 3 levels: regional level, community level, neighborhood level. |
| sidewalk design | sidewalks should be at least 5 feet wide so people can walk side-by-side. Buffer zone should = 1 or 2 feet. Sidewalks in comm zones = future zones, w/ minimum of 4 feet including trees, hydrants, etc. Residential areas = "planted strips" of 6 feet wide. |
| crosswalk design | Allow for pedestrians crossing at 4 feet per second. Neckdowns (bulb-outs). Crosswalks in comm areas should be min 12 feet. |
| route connectivity | Enables peds to walk the shortest possible distance to reach their destinations. Peds are normally unwilling to take detours more than 200 ft to cross a street - blocks should not exceed 300 ft. Block > 400 ft long should include mid-block crossing pts |
| Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) | Holds that characteristics of urban design can reduce the # of crimes, and the fear of crime, while increasing the level of business activity. Implemented through 3 basic methods: 1) design; 2) electronic; 3) organizational |
| CPTED Design | Includes building layout, site planning, signage placement, street light placement, and placement of trees and other greenery |
| CPTED Electronic | locks, alarms, security devices, TV monitoring, and various target-hardening techniques |
| CPTED Organizational | doormen, police, business block watches, security guards, and other displays of manpower and occupancy. |
| Other CPTED Concepts: | |
| Defensible Space | Created by a set of barriers, real or imaginary, that control entry into a space, and aid surveillance by residents. |
| Natural Access Control | Limits the amount of access points into a space, and discourages access into non-public areas by suing streets, sidewalks, gateways, and other features to demarcate the areas between public and non-public routes. |
| Natural Surveillance | Provided by design features that maximize visibility, such as building entrances that look out onto streets. |
| Territorial Reinforcement | Defines property lines using various features, including fences, gateways, and pavement designs. |
| Management and Maintenance | The process and techniques that keep buildings in good condition and in compliance with local standards. |
| Legitimate Activity Support | Incorporates lighting, building design, and natural surveillance in order to discourage activities for which the structure was not intended. |
| "Edge Cities" | Large suburban communities - large size suburbs operate as a "city" due to mixture of land use and magnitude. |
Created by:
jlongabaugh
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