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Types of Planning

QuestionAnswer
Rational Planning Systematic. Eight steps: 1) determine issues and underlying assumptions. 2) devise goals that incorporate a certain vision for the community. 3) consider various alternative plans that can achieve the vision. 4) revise goals and establish objectives.
Rational Planning (cont.) 5. examine each alternative and weigh benefits and consequences. 6. identify and adopt plan that best fits community vision. 7. execute plan, as part of the comprehensive plan. 8. monitor plan implementation and evaluate outcome against objectives.
Incremental Planning Planners implement an overarching land use strategy by undertaking numerous small projects or enacting a series of small, incremental policy changes over time. This is an alternative to rational planning which takes on several large projects.
Advocacy Planning Seeks to make land use planning more responsive to the concerns of low-income families and minorities. Sensitive to gender and multicultural issues. Public participation is an important component.
Integrated Waste Management. 3 steps: 1) source reduction - reduce amount of waste: revise manufacturing process to expend less waste; reduce packaging; compost/multch; reuse products; make longer-lasting products. 2) Recycle. 3) Disposal - landfills, incineration, transfer station.
Water Management Urban areas consume btw 50 gal/day - 180 gal/day per capita. Gravity feeds. Min of 70 feet above the area to be supplied.
Darcy's Law If water is travelling through a porous medium (water, sand, etc) its velocity is proportional to slope or hydraulic gradient.
Wellheads Provide drinking water to a community by tapping the local supply of groundwater. Wellhead protective zones- prevent contamination. keep traffic and industry away.
When planning for wellheads Planners should consider certain factors: Assimilative Capacity - measures the soil's ability to breakup pollution or contamination before it reaches the wellhead.
When planning for wellheads (cont.) Contaminant Transport Model - accounts for groundwater flow, contamination concentration, and geochemical data, which assesses the behavior of pollution in a specific kind of soil.
Nitrogen Loading Analysis - examines the local land uses, determines their impact on the nitrate-nitrogen levels within the local water supply.
1974 Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) If a US public water system services at least 25 people or 15 connections, must comply with this act. Sets max limits on contaminants that any one user of the system can have in his water.
Integrated Water Management Water, wastewater and stormwater all consolidated into planning. Provide greater balance to hydrologic cycle and avoid water loss to aquifers. Eg. integrated water system can collect storm water and surface runoff, treat it, and return it to aquifer
Domestic Wastewater vs. Industrial Wastewater Industrial WW - water used w/in manufacturing, and may contain metals, compounds, and other contaminants specific to a certain industry. Treatment requirements are often very extensive, exceeding the capacity of standard WW treatment facilities.
Inflow and Infiltration Infiltration = groundwater that enters the WW collection system via cracks in pipes. Inflow = rainwater that enters the collection system through actual access points like basement sump pumps and roof leaders.
Secondary treatment system treats WW after it has been collected. Bacteria attach themselves to the organic waste matter, and consume it.
Sand filter system treats septic tank effluence before it is sent through the secondary treatment system. Effluence is filtered through sand, which removes certain waste products.
Septic system Treats and disposes WW onsite. Must do percolation test, which assesses the soil's absorption capacity. When transfer property, may need to install septic system upgrades.
Private sewage treatment facilities Can process small amounts of sewage (between 3,000 and 10,000 gallons) in the absence of public treatment facilities.
Grey water WW without human excrement. Can be reused for purposes such as crop irrigation.
Solid Waste Content Solid waste generated within the US consists of 40% paper, 18% yard clippings, 7% food remains, 8% plastic, and a combo of wood, glass, textiles, leather, rubber, and several additional substances.
Storm hydrograph A graph showing the discharge rate of a stream basin during a certain kind of storm. the discharge rate is high during a heavy rainstorm, the basin is considered to have a flashy response.
Created by: jlongabaugh
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