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Chapter 29
Civil Rights, Kennedy and Johnson
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Plessy v Ferguson | Supreme Court case where the court ruled that separate facilities for the races were constitutional as long as the facilities were "separate but equal" |
| Thurgood Marshall | NAACP lawyer who successfully argued the case Brown v Board of Education and later became the first African American Supreme Court Justice |
| Brown v Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas | Supreme Court case that overruled Plessy v Ferguson and declared that segregation (and "separate but equal") was unconstitutional |
| Little Rock | Location of Central High School where African American students were refused admittance. Eventually, Eisenhower sends in federal troops to enforce court orders to integrate |
| segregation | separation of the races. Was declared constitutional by Plessy v Ferguson ("separate but equal") |
| boycott | a refusal to buy or use |
| Rosa Parks | Refused to give up seat on a bus to a white man. Led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott |
| civil disobedience | refusal to obey a law you consider unjust - a key tactic of Martin Luther King and the Civil Rights Movement |
| John F. Kennedy | President who promised a New Frontier and urged Congress to pass the Civil Rights Act |
| Lyndon B. Johnson | President who pushed his Great Society programs and was in office for the passage of the Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Act |
| Lee Harvey Oswald | Man who assassinated John F. Kennedy |
| Jack Ruby | Man responsible for killing the man who assassinated John F. Kennedy |
| Martin Luther King Jr. | Civil rights leader whose use of civil disobedience and non-violent protest brought attention to the conditions of African Americans in the South |
| Freedom Riders | Protesters who pushed for integration of bus facilities. Were met with extreme violence. |
| George Wallace | Governor of Alabama who refused to integrate the University of Alabama until he was forced to do so by federal troops |
| Freedom Summer | During 1964, a time period when there was a major push to register African Americans to vote in the South. Was met with violence including the deaths of Michael Schwerner, James Chaney, and Andrew Goodman |
| Selma to Montgomery March | designed to protest the denial of voting rights for African Americans. Was met with violence including the deaths of Viola Liuzzo and James Reeb. |
| Voting Rights Act of 1965 | Law that, among other things, gave the federal government the power to force local officials to allow African Americans to register to vote. |
| Civil Rights Act of 1964 | Law that made it illegal to discriminate against African Americans in employment, voting, and public accommodations. |
| Betty Friedan | Wrote The Feminine Mystique that brought attention to the discontent with the 1950s image of the suburban housewife. |
| Cesar Chavez | Worked for the rights of farm workers and was influential in the establishment of the AFW and use of non-violent protests. |
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