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6th SS PT ALL
6th Social Studies PowerTime Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Civilization | A society in an advanced state of social development with complex legal, political, and religious organizations. |
| Culture | all the knowledge and values shared by a society. |
| Government | the system of people, laws, and officials that define and control the country that you live in. |
| Politics | the activities and affairs involved in managing a state or a government |
| Unitary Government | One central government has all the power and the local governments carry out the decisions of the central government. |
| Confederations | The local governments have most of the power but they come together to form a weak central government to solve the nations problems. |
| Federations | Although the central government is usually supreme, they share power with local governments that also have certain responsibilities. |
| Autocracies | One person, usually a dictator, rules the country with absolute authority. The people have very little to no say in government. |
| Oligarchies | The government is ruled by an elite few, usually a ruling family or a group of generals. Citizens have very little to no say in government. |
| Democracy | Government officials are chosen through elections and citizens participate in government by voting and running for office. |
| Parliamentary Democracy | A type of democracy in which the head of state, the Prime Minister, is chosen by the parliament and serves as the parliaments leader. |
| Presidential Democracy | A type of democracy in which the head of state is elected by the people and does not serve as the leader of the legislature, although he works with the legislature. |
| Monarchy | An autocracy governed by a monarch who usually inherits the authority |
| Tyranny | A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws, etc.) |
| Social Class | People having the same social, economic, or educational status Geography |
| Atlas | a collection of maps in book form |
| Hemisphere | Half of the Earth. The equator divides the Earth into Northern and Southern halves. |
| Equator | The imaginary boundary line between the Northern and Southern hemispheres of the Earth. |
| Latitude | an imaginary line around the Earth that is parallel to the equator. (Horizontal) |
| Longitude | an imaginary line around the Earth that bisects the Earth through the North and South poles. (vertical) |
| Continent | One of the large landmasses of the Earth. The Earth is divided into 7 continents. |
| Nation | A country and its people. A politically organized body of people under a single government. |
| Country | A nation. A body of land with one government. |
| Island | A piece of land surrounded on all sides by water. |
| Europe | The second smallest continent, which includes countries such as France, England, and Ireland. |
| Canada | A nation in North America located to the north of the United States. |
| Latin America | the parts of North America and South America to the south of the United States where Romance languages are spoken. |
| Caribbean | a region that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands, and the surrounding coasts. This region is southeast of the Gulf of Mexico |
| Australia | The smallest continent. It is an island continent that is located in the Southern Hemisphere. It is positioned between the Indian Ocean and the Southwest Pacific ocean. Resources |
| Economics | The study of how people, businesses, and countries use limited resources. |
| Economy | The system of production, distribution, and consumption. |
| Three Basic Economic Questions | What to produce? How to produce? For whom to produce? |
| Traditional economy | People use just what they need to survive, and they inherit their position from their parents. Economic system of many native peoples. |
| Command economy | The government owns the means of production and most of the land. The government answers the three basic economic questions. |
| Market economies | Allow for private ownership of businesses and land. Also known as a capitalist economy. |
| Profit | The amount of money a business makes after it pays for all expenses. |
| Expenses | Money that has to be paid for materials, labor, or other bills. |
| Market | Wherever buyers and sellers exchange money and goods. |
| Mixed economies | Has characteristics of both command and market economies. Almost all modern economic systems are this kind. |
| International Trade | Occurs when nations choose to exchange goods with one another. It is necessary because no nation can produce everything it wants or needs. |
| Specialization | When a country chooses to produce what it is best at. It forces countries to participate in international trade because countries cannot produce everything they want or need. |
| Imports | Goods a country buys from another country. |
| Exports | Goods a country sells to another country. trade barriers |
| natural trade barriers | They are barriers because they are hard to cross and make it difficult for people in different communities to trade. Examples are mountains, deserts, and rain forests. |
| political trade barriers | Rules passed by governments to regulate trade. They are often intended to help a country's own producers be more competitive in the market place. Examples are tariffs, quotas, and embargos. |
| Taxes | A charge incurred by a citizen’s person, property, or activity for the support of government |
| Levy taxes | charge and collect taxes. |
| Tariff | Taxes on imported goods. They raise prices on foreign imported goods, making locally made goods cheaper; therefore, they help local businesses. |
| Quotas | The limit the amount of foreign goods that may be imported in a given amount of time. |
| Embargo | When one nation refuses to trade with another nation. |
| North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) | An agreement between the United States, Canada, and Mexico to remove all tariffs to increase trade between the three countries. |
| Currency | Something that is assigned value. It can be used to buy goods and services in a market. It is usually called money. |
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stacychambers
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