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Famous Greeks
Real and Myth
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Draco | attempted to change government, failed because punishments were too harsh |
| Solon | made the first constitution |
| Cleisthenes | first democratic constitution, freedom of speech |
| Darius | Persian king who wanted to punish Greeks for helping Ionians rebel, led to Battle of Marathon and Persian Wars |
| Pheidippides | ran 26.2 miles from Marathon to Athens to announce victory (yelled, "Nike!"), dropped dead |
| Leonidas | led the Spartan 300 in the Battle of Thermopylae |
| Xerxes | Darius' son, continued Persian Wars, lost Battle of Salamis and Persian navy destroyed |
| Themistocles | Athenian commander who convinced Athens to use silver mine money to build a navy, used the navy to destroy the Persians at Salamis |
| Demosthenes | orator who warned Macedonians were coming, practiced public speaking by yelling over the ocean with pebbles in his mouth |
| Philip II of Macedon | Macedonian king, believed it was his destiny to unify (conquer) Greeks |
| Alexander the Great | Philip's son; took over conquering Greece; wanted to unite Macedonians, Greeks and Persians; founded Alexandria, but the empire fell apart when he died |
| Pericles | built the Parthenon (with Delian League funds), led Athens during a Golden Age of art, philosophy, literature |
| Homer | blind poet who wrote The Iliad, an epic poem about the Trojan War, and The Odyssey, an epic poem about Odysseus' journey |
| Sappho | famous Greek poet, often wrote about love |
| Aeschylus | wrote plays, such as The Oresteia |
| Sophocles | wrote plays, including Oedipus Rex and Antigone |
| Euripides | wrote plays, such as Medea |
| Aristophanes | wrote plays, such as The Frogs, that were comedies |
| Herodotus | historian who traveled the ancient world, recorded many events, and helped make list of Seven Wonders |
| Socrates | searched for truth, encouraged people to think, forced to commit suicide by drinking hemlock juice or be ostracized |
| Plato | student of Socrates, started the Academy to train government leaders, wrote The Republic about what the government should be like |
| Aristotle | student of Plato, tutored Alexander the Great, classified plants and animals, added hypothesis to scientific method |
| Euclid | geometric theories, wrote first geometry book |
| Archimedes | lever (physics) and buoyancy |
| Pythagoras | geometry, Pythagorean Theorem for sides of a triangle |
| Hippocrates | believed disease came from natural causes, created Hippocratic Oath doctors still use today |
| Zeus | ruler of Mt. Olympus, king of the gods, god of weather |
| Hera | Zeus' wife, goddess of marriage, children and the home |
| Aphrodite | goddess of love |
| Apollo | god of the sun |
| Ares | god of war |
| Artemis | goddess of the moon; mighty huntress |
| Athena | goddess of wisdom |
| Demeter | goddess of crops |
| Dionysus | god of wine and partying |
| Hades | god of the underworld |
| Hermes | messenger god, wore winged sandals |
| Poseidon | god of the oceans, seas and earthquakes |
| Sisyphus | handcuffed Hades in a closet, punished by having to roll a rock up a hill forever |
| Prometheus | disobeyed Zeus by giving fire to the mortals, punished by having an eagle repeatedly peck out his liver |
| Pandora | Disobeyed gods by opening a box that let all evils loose into the world but she also released hope |
| Daedalus | Imprisoned in tower with son Icarus after giving Theseus the secret of killing the minotaur, built wings to escape, warned Icarus not to fly too high=the sun might melt the wax on the wings, not to fly too close to the water=he might crash into the ocean |
| Heracles | half-man, half-god, completed twelve labors so he could become immortal |
| Midas | Gets donkeys ears, everything he touches turns to gold |
| Minotaur | half-man, half bull |
| Narcissus | fell in love with his own reflection, drowned |
| Centaur | half man, half horse |
| Cerberus | three-headed dog that guarded the entrance to the underworld |
| Orpheus | musician who lost his wife, Eurydice, by looking back |
| Oedipus | married his mother and killed his father |
| Theseus | made it through the labyrinth and killed the minotaur |
| Icarus | flew too high, wax on his wings melted, crashed to ocean |
| Achilies | completely protected except for one spot on his heel, an arrow hit him there and killed him |
| Pegasus | a winged horse that carries Zeus' arrows |
Created by:
m.thomas
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