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Ch. 25 Study Guide
History
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cost-plus system | made companies work harder and faster, contract where a contractor is paid for all of its allowed expenses to a set limit plus additional payment to allow for a profit |
| Japanese internment camps | Japanese were put there after Pearl Harbor cause they weren't trusted |
| Women in WWII | began working in factories to replace men who were drafted, some 350,000 women served in the U.S. Armed Forces, both at home and abroad |
| Japan’s attack of Midway | goal was to destroy the American fleet, US won by decoding messages and knew attack was coming, inflicting irreparable damage on the Japanese fleet, the most stunning and decisive blow in the history of naval warfare |
| Liberty ships | welded not riveted, hard to sink, cargo ships built in the United States during World War II |
| Shot himself in the mouth with a pistol | How did Hitler die? |
| 1947, Truman did it | When was the US Military fully integrated? |
| Doolittle Raid | raised moral, convinced Japanese leaders to attack Midway, on April 18, 1942, was an air raid by the United States on the Japanese capital Tokyo and other places on Honshu island during World War II, the first air raid to strike the Japanese Home Islands |
| WWII ended the great depression, helped create 19 million jobs | WWII and the Great Depression |
| Philip Randolph | pressured FDR to provide jobs and defense factories for African Americans, leader in the African-American civil-rights movement, the American labor movement and socialist political parties |
| Benjamin O. Davis | highest ranking African-American general officer in the United States Army, ranked Brigadier General |
| Chester Nimitz | commander of the US Navy in the Pacific |
| Robert Oppenheimer | led American team of engineers and helped build atomic bomb (Manhattan Project) |
| George Patton | led American forces in Moracco, led troops that rescued Americans trapped at Bastogne |
| Harry S Truman | succeeded to the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt on April 12, 1945, when Roosevelt died after months of declining health. Under Truman, the U.S. successfully concluded World War II |
| Oveta Culp Hobby | official of the US war dept, served as first director of WAC |
| Albert Einstein | warned FDR about bombs using Uranium, invented the theory of the atomic bomb |
| Douglas MacArthur | "I shall return" |
| Dwight D. Eisenhower | overall commander of invasion of France |
| blue points controlled processed foods and red points controlled meats fats and oils, used for rationing | blue points and red points system |
| Korematsu vs. US | the Supreme Court ruled that the relocation of the Japanese Americans was constitutional because it was based not on race, but on “military urgency” |
| Pas-de-Calais | Allies faked their landing where? |
| Bracero Program | the federal government arranged for Mexican farmworkers to help in the harvest in the Southwest, over 200,000 Mexicans helped harvest |
| Bataan Death March | defenders of Bataan were forced to march as prisoners 65 miles to a Japanese prison camp in Philippines |
| Iwo Jima | island captured by US because it was the perfect location, halfway between the Marianas and Japan, making it closer to and easier to bomb Japan |
| battle was a turning point in the war, killed 362 Americans and 3,057 Japanese, broke Japanese codes | American Victory at Midway |
| Double V Campaign | a victory over Hitler’s racism abroad and America’s racism at home |
| napalm | a kind of jellied gasoline inside bombs that were designed not only to explode but also to start fires in Tokyo |
| automobile companies | Where was the Military equipment made? |
| Liberator | enormous B-24 bomber launched by Henry Ford creating the assembly line, one of the most ambitious projects |
| Hiroshima | on August 6, 1945, at 8:15am a B-29 bomber named the Enola Gay dropped an atomic bomb, code-named “Little Boy” on this important industrial city |
| government issue | What does GI mean? |
| manhattan project | code name for the American program to build an atomic bomb |
| Tuskegee Airmen | first African American unit of pilots, trained in Tuskegee, AL, 99th Pursut Squadron |
| normandy | nearly 7,000 ships carrying more than 100,000 soldiers set sail for the coast of Normandy on June 6, 1944; at the same time, 23,000 paratroopers were dropped inland, east and west of the beaches |
| convoy system | system where cargo ships traveled in groups and were escorted by navy warships. This made it much harder for a submarine to torpedo a cargo ship and escape without being attacked |
| operation overlord | the code name for the planned invasion of France |
| Stalingrad | battle was a major turning point in the war, put the Germans on the defensive |
| sunbelt | new industrial region created by the growth of southern California and the expansion of cities in the Deep South |
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