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Exam 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Bicameral legislature | has two chambers or houses, before a bill is passed to become a law, it has to be approved by the members of the two chambers. |
| unicameral legislature | This is composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. They work together to write laws and represent the states. |
| House reps (qualifications, terms | Citizen for at least 7 years,20-25 years old live in state you represent,two year term |
| Senators (qualifications, terms) | 100 senate,30 years old,live in the state you represent,6 yr term, citizen for at least 9yrs |
| Sociological representation | the people choose a representative whose ethnic, religious, racial, social, or educational background resembles their own. |
| Agency representation | the people choose a representative to carry out their wishes in Congress. If the representative does not do what the constituents want, then the constituents “fire” the member by electing someone else in the next election. |
| Incumbency | Holding the office for which one is running |
| Impeachment and removal | H.O.R the sole power to impeach an official, Senate the sole court for impeachment trials(Removal) |
| Apportionment | The decision of how many representatives each state will have, this causes shifting in the power and also forces states to redraw their congressional districts. |
| Redistricting | The redrawing of congressional and other legislative district lines following the census, to accommodate population shifts and keep districts as equal as possible in population, can lead to gerrymandering |
| Leadership of the House | John Bohner, Eric Cantor-Majority Leader, Nancy Pelosi- Minority Leader |
| the Senate (names and titles) | Joe Biden, only power is to break a tie |
| Standing committee | Permanent committees established under the standing rules of the Senate and specializing in the consideration of particular subject areas. There are currently 16 |
| Select committee | A committee established by the Senate for a limited time period to perform a particular study or investigation. |
| Joint committee | a legislative committee formed with members of the house and senate. |
| Conference committee | a committee that exists solely to iron out the differences between the bills of both the house and senate before there made into laws |
| How a bill become a law | The Bill Is Proposed,The Bill Is Introduced,The Bill Goes to Committee,The Bill Is Reported, The n debated,Bill is voted on, Goes to the Senate with the same process,Then sent to the president. |
| President (Qualifications, terms, powers) | must be at least 35 years old, a natural-born U.S. citizen, and have at least 14 years of residence in the United States. 4 yrs, 2 terms, |
| Line of succession | defines who may become or act as President of the United States upon the incapacity, death, resignation, or removal from office (by impeachment and subsequent conviction) |
| Executive order | a rule or order issued by the president to an executive branch of the government and having the force of law. |
| Executive privilege | is the constitutional principle that permits the president and executive branch to withhold information from Congress, the courts, and ultimately the public |
| Civil law | the system of law concerned with private relations between members of a community rather than criminal, military, or religious affairs. |
| Criminal law | a system of law concerned with the punishment of those who commit crimes. |
| Plaintiff v defendant | The party that bring the complaint in court v.the one against whom a complaint is brought in a civil or criminal case |
| Stare Decisis | Let the decision stand, ex.when an issue has been previously brought to the court and a ruling already issued. Generally, courts will adhere to the previous ruling, |
| Precedents | Prior cases whoes principle and decisions judges uses as a bases for their decision in a present case |
| Plea bargains | A Negotiation in which the defendant agrees to enter a plea of guilty to a lesser charge and the prosecutor agrees to drop a more serious charge |
| Negotiated agreements | The negotiations and agreements made by two parties in a plea bargin |
| Habeas corpus | a writ requiring a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court, |
| District court | a state or federal trial court. |
| Circuit courts | is a court with jurisdiction in appeals hear appeals from the District Courts, appeals from administrative agencies, and appeals arising under certain statutes. (makes sure due proccess of law was followed) |
| Supreme Court | the highest judicial court in a country or state. take cases that are important, and hard to decide. |
| Judicial review | is the power of the courts to review laws, treaties, policies or executive orders |
| Solicitor general | or Chief Justice. Screen out all the cases, and only bring out the most important cases. |
| Amicus curiae | an impartial adviser, often voluntary, to a court of law in a particular case. |
| Opinion | The written explanation of the supreme courts decision in a particular case. |
| Concurrence (both regular and special) | Regular-an additional opinion agreeing with the first but putting emphasis on certain points over others Special - an agreeing opinion for differing reasons than those listed in the original opinion |
| Dissent | a statement of why this group disagreed with the majority on their decision |
| Writ of certiorari | a writ (order) of a higher court to a lower court to send all the documents in a case to it so the higher court can review the lower court's decision. |
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