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MAT philosophy topic
Philosophy Topics to Study for the Miller Analogies Test (MAT)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| empiricism | knowledge comes mainly from sensory perception |
| ethics | moral philosophy; concepts of right and wrong |
| existentialism | philosophy based on concept of free will |
| idealism | reality is mentally constructed |
| logic | study and use of reasoning |
| logical positivism | analytic philosophy that combines empiricism and rationalism |
| neoplatonism | mystical philosophy based on teachings of Plato |
| pragmatism | the idea that theory should come from practice |
| rationalism | method that uses deductive reasoning |
| transcendentalism | belief that the spiritual is more important than the material |
| Aristotle | student of Plato; "Poetics" |
| Francis Bacon | Brit |
| Bradley, Herbert Francis | Brit idealist--"Appearance and Reality" |
| Descartes | French--father of modern philosophy; cartesian=him; "I think, therefore I am" |
| Dewey, John | Amer--education and social reform |
| Gandhi | non-violent civil disobedience |
| Hobbes, Thomas | Brit--political philosopher; "Leviathan" |
| Hume, David | Scot--empiricism and skepticism |
| James, William | Amer |
| Kant, Immanuel | German--"Critique of Pure Reason" |
| Leibnitz, Gottfried | German--philosopher and mathematician; optimism |
| Locke, John | Brit--tabula rasa; "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding" |
| Macchiavelli, Nicolo | Italian--The Prince |
| Marx, Karl | Communist Manifesto |
| Mill, John Stuart | Brit--conception of liberty justified the freedom of the individual in opposition to unlimited state control |
| More, Thomas | "Utopia" |
| Nietzsche, Friedrich | German--death of God; Beyond Good and Evil (criticizes past philosophers on their acceptance of religious principles) |
| Peirce, Charles Sanders | Amer--father of Pragmatism |
| Plato | "The Republic" |
| Rousseau, Jean Jacques | Swiss--"The Social Contract"; influenced French Revolution |
| Schopenhauer, Arthur | German--atheist; "The World as Will and Representation" |
| Smith, Adam | "The Wealth of Nations" |
| Socrates | taught Plato |
| Tzu, Sun | The Art of War |
| Voltaire | French--Candide |