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Federal Programs
Question | Answer |
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Indian Reorganization Act | Also known as teh Wheeler-Howard Act (1934), maintained and developed Indian lands and resources by granting the right to create businesses, allowing home rule, and offering vocational education. |
Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act of 1966 | This was the central component of President Lyndon Johnson's Great Society program, and established the "model cities program" = sought to rebuild communities socially and economically rather than physically. |
Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act of 1966 (cont.) | Its goal was to revitalize communities and eliminate blight and poverty through community participation. This approach was markedly from earlier programs, which were focused on top-down community planning. President Nixon eliminated this act in 1973. |
Homestead Act of 1862 | The Homestead Act offered 160 acres to any settler willing to reside on the land for five consecutive years. Because the land did not receive sufficient rain to grow crops, the government was forced to undertake major irrigation projects in the West. |
Farmland Protection Act of 1981 | This worked to preserve farmland by limiting the ability of federal programs to convert farmland to non-farming uses. Under the direction of the Dept. of Agriculture, this act established criteria for determining the impact of farmland conversion. |
Federal Forest Legacy Program of 1990 | This program preserved farmland by granting federal funds to state governments. |
Federal Farm and Ranchland Protection Program of 1996 | This preserved ranch and farmland by giving federal grants to land trusts and state and local governments. |
Public Works Administration | 1934. PWA helped stabilize the Depression era economy by funding more than 34,000 construction projects, which created public housing, schools, hospitals, dams and airports. The PWA created jobs and stopped decline of purchasing power. Eliminated in 1941 |
Works Progress Administration | 1935. WPA sought to promote economic growth and development through urban planning. The WPA funded highway and building construction, slum clearance, and other projects as a means of creating work for the unemployed and helping local economies. |
Urban Development Action Grant | 1977. UDAG spurred economic development by allowing for acquisition of clearance of lands. Encouraged cooperation btw public and private, and improved gov coord. Only eligible communities could apply for UDAG, and they had to compete for assistance. |
Economic Development Administration | 1965. EDA provided federal grants to communities for site acquisition, grading, and provision of utilities. After sites were prepared, firms would lease or purchase them, and create various projects such as industrial parks and business incubators. |
Community Reinvestment Act | 1977. CRA required lenders to offer mortgage loans to low income and economically depressed areas. The CRA prohibited redlining, which ocurs when lenders refuse to offer mortgage loans to certain neighborhoods based on their income or ethnicity |
Antiquities Act | 1906. The Antiquities Act was a federal program that protects archeological and historical sites by classifying them as national monuments. Any historical site within the public domain can be classified as a national monument. |
The Historic Sites, Building and Antiquities Act | 1935. This act required that federal agencies incorporate a concern for historical preservation into their programs and plans. Additionally, the Secretary of Interior must seek out, acquire, and repair historic sites. |
The National Trust for Historic Preservation | 1949. Works to preserve historical sites and to restore communities. A private, non-profit organization. |
National Historic Preservation Act | 1966. Created the National Register of Historic Places, which protects historical sites from federal projects if the site has been classified as either "designated or potentially eligible for historical site designation". |
Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act | 1991. ISTEA, provided federal funding for scenic byways and historic preservation. |
U.S. Resettlement Administration | 1935. Enacted various land reform and population resettlement legislation as part of the New Deal. |
National Flood Insurance Act | 1968. Established the national flood insurance program, which provides flood insurance for home and business owners in a flood prone area. According to the act, homes in designated flood plains must be elevated or flood proof (businesses). |
Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act | 1988. Required every state to assign a "state hazard mitigation officer" (SHMO) who works to lessen the potential impact of natural disasters. |
Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (cont.) | Under the Act, the federal government provides funds to state and local government for disaster relief; however, state and local governments are required to match 25% of the federal funds paid to them |
Empowerment Zones and Enterprise Zones | 1994. These are normally blighted urban areas to which the federal government provides funding, tax relief, sales tax reductions, low-interest financing, wage tax credits, and other measures to encourage investment and facilitate economic growth. |
Empowerment Zones and Enterprise Zones (cont.) | Bill Clinton created these zones as means of making impoverished urban areas more competitive with affluent areas. |
Disaster Mitigation Act | 2000. Requires state and local gov to plan for natural disasters as well as human-induced disasters. State govs and municipalities must identify possible natural risks, assess the potential impact of the risks, and prepare strategies to mitigate risks |
Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act | RLUIPA - 2000. Forbids governments from engaging in a land use that significantly restricts religious exercises or assemblies unless such a land use furthers a government interest in a substantial way. |