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Economics
4th Grade Economics Terms and Definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Trade & Voluntary Exchange | Act of buyers and sellers freely and willingly engaging in market transactions. |
| Opportunity Cost | What you must give up to obtain something else. It is always the second best alternative (can be time, money, a resource, etc.). |
| Specialization | When workers focus on performing separate tasks and, as a result, workers perform fewer functions more frequently. |
| Productivity | Degree to which resources are used efficiently. Measured as the quantity of output per unit of input. |
| Incentives | A cost or benefit that motivates a decision or action by consumers, workers, firms or other participants in the economy. |
| Government Revenue | Funds raised by the government through taxing and borrowing (e.g., income tax, sales tax, property tax). |
| Banking | Industry involved with conducting financial transactions (i.e., maintaining a checking account, savings account, or obtaining a loan). |
| Income | Payments earned by household for selling or renting their productive resources. May include salaries, wages, interest and dividends. |
| Entrepreneurship | A characteristic of people who assume the risk of organizing productive resource to produce goods and services; considered one of the factors of production. |
| Competition | Attempts by two or more individuals or organizations to acquire the same goods, services, or productive and financial resources. |
| Prices | The amount of money that people pay when they buy a good or service; the amount they receive when they sell a good or service. |
| Business | Any activity or organization that produces or exchanges goods or services for a profit. |
| Households | They spend their income for goods and services. They also sell resources to businesses. |
| Markets | Places, institutions or technological arrangements where, or by means of which, goods and services are exchanged. |
| Government Spending | Goods and services provided by the government (e.g., military, schools, roads). |