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Chapter 6, 7, 8 Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why did the Second Continental Congress meet? | To discuss the war, write Declaration of Independence and Olive Branch Petition |
| What was the Olive Branch Petition? | Colonists wrote that they were loyal to England, but did not agree with the taxes |
| Who was appointed as the Commander in Chief of the American forces? | George Washington |
| What are two advantages that the British had at the start of the Revolutionary War? | More men and supplies, and their men were well trained |
| What are two advantages the Americans had at the start of the Revolutionary War? | Had more reasons to fight and they knew the land better |
| What did the Battle of Bunker Hill prove to both the British and Americans? | Neither side would be easy to defeat |
| Where did the Battle of Bunker Hill really occur? | Breed's Hill |
| Who wrote 'Common Sense'? | Thomas Paine |
| What was the message of 'Common Sense'? | That the British were being abusive and they needed to separate |
| What is a natural right? | A right given by god that should not ever be taken away |
| Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? | Thomas Jefferson |
| What was the purpose of the Declaration of Independence? | For the Americans to declare independence from Britain and it showed the reasons why the Americans wanted to separate |
| Why was Washington's plan to cross the Delaware River so brilliant? | He and his army were able to sneak up on the Hessians |
| What happened at Valley Forge? | The supplies ran low and many soldiers died |
| What battle was considered the turning point in the war for the colonists? | Saratoga |
| Why did America want France to join the fight against the British? | To give the Americans supplies |
| Where was the final American victory that ended the Revolutionary War? | Yorktown |
| What treaty officially ended the Revolutionary War? | The Treaty of Paris in April of 1783 |
| What happened as a result of the treaty that ended the war? | The British left America and no longer rule them. America and Britain also negotiated some different things such as trade |
| What was our first plan of government in the United States called? | Articles of Confederation |
| How did representation in Congress work under this first plan of government? | Congress was the only branch of government, but has limited powers in order to allow the people to have power and rights |
| Name at least four weaknesses of the national government under the Articles of Confederation | Congress was almost completely powerless, Most power was held by states, Only one branch of government, No check and balances |
| Who was Daniel Shays? | A poor farmer and Revolutionary War veteran. He led 'Shay'y Rebellion' |
| What caused 'Shay's Rebellion'? Be very specific. | Massachusetts taxed to pay war debts. Farmers had to pay taxes, but they were losing their farms. The courts forced them to sell their property |
| What did 'Shay's Rebellion' prove to the country? | The weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation |
| List at least 3 states that had the largest populations at our nation's beginning? | Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina |
| List at least 3 states that had the smallest population at our nation's beginning | Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts |
| Where and when was the Constitutional Convention held? | May 1787 in Philadelphia's Independence Hall |
| Why was the Constitutional Convention held? | To improve the Articles of Confederation |
| Who was elected by the other delegates to Preside over the Constitutional Convention? | George Washington |
| Why was George Washington elected by the other delegates to preside over the convention? | He was a Revolutionary War hero |
| Who was the oldest delegate at the Constitutional Convention? | Benjamin Franklin |
| Name two famous Americans who did NOT attend the Constitutional Convention and why | Patrick Henry-He did not want a stronger central government, Thomas Jefferson-Could not attend, John Adams-Could not attend |
| What was the Virginia Plan? | Proposed by Edmund Randolph. Has power in national government w/ a legislative branch w/ 2 houses. Reps. are based off population |
| What was the New Jersey Plan? | Proposed by William Paterson, gave more power to the states, one house legislature, reps. based off population |
| Which states supported the Virginia Plan | Larger States/Southern states/states with more population |
| Which states supported the New Jersey Plan? | Smaller states/Northern states/states with less population |
| What was the Great Compromise? | Proposed by Roger Sherman, 2 house legislature, 1 house based on population, other house w/ equal representatives |
| Which states wanted to count slaves as part of their population? | Southern |
| Why did Southern states want to count slaves as part of their population? | More power in Congress |
| What was the Three-Fifths Compromise? | 3/5s of the slaves population would count toward representation |
| What was decided in the Slave Trade Compromise? | Congress could control tariffs on imports not exports |
| What is Federalism? | Sharing of power between national and state government |
| List two major powers held by the national government | Declaring war and printing money |
| List two major powers held by only the state government | Education and licenses(Marriage, fishing, hunting, etc.) |
| List two major powers held by both national and state governments | Taxing and borrowing money |
| Why did the framers of the Constitution include federalism | To make sure the power is balanced |
| What happens if a state and the national government disagree on an issue? | National overrides state government's decision |
| What is meant by the term Federalist? | Someone who agrees with the Constitution and strong central government |
| Why were the Federalist papers written? | To support the Constitution |
| Who is known as the 'Father of the Constitution'? | James Madison |
| How many states needed to approve the Constitution before it could take effect? | 9 states |
| How did the Federalists finally get the Antifederalists to accept the Constitution? | They would include a Bill of Rights |
| What is the first amendment? | Freedom of Religion, Assembly, Press, Petition and speech |
| What is the second amendment? | Right to bear arms |
| What is the third amendment? | Soldiers cannot stay in a house without owner's permission or in time of peace |
| What is the fourth amendment? | People cannot search without a warrant |
| What is the fifth amendment? | People cannot be forced to testify against themselves |
| What is the sixth amendment? | Right to a speedy, public trial |
| What is the seventh amendment? | Right to trial by jury |
| What is the eighth amendment? | No cruel or unusual punishments |
| What is the ninth amendment? | Certain unmentioned rights are still with the people |
| What is the tenth amendment? | Powers not given to national government or prohibited to the states will the given to the states |
| What is the purpose of the Preamble to the Constitution? | Explain the goals of the Constitution |
| What are the goals of the Preamble? | Establish justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare and secure the Blessings of Liberty |
| What are the first 3 words of the Preamble? | We the people |
| Why are those three words important to the U.S.? | They mean that we are a unified nation(a democracy) |
| Why was the word 'posterity' included in the Preamble? | The Constitution was meant to be the laws of the current generation and future generations |
| What is meant by 'separation of powers'? | 3 Separate powers in the government |
| What are the three branches of the federal government | Executive, Legislative, Judicial |
| Which branch makes the laws? | Legislative |
| Which branch carries out the laws? | Executive |
| Which branch interprets the laws? | Judicial |
| What are the two houses which make up the legislative branch? | Senate and House of representatives |
| How many members are there in the House of Representatives? | 435 members |
| How old do you have to be to run for the House of Representatives? | 25 |
| How long do members of the House of Representatives serve? | 2 years |
| What is the title of the person who leads the House of Representatives? | The speaker of the house |
| How many members in the Senate? | 100 members |
| How old do you have to be to run for the Senate? | 30 years |
| How long do members of the Senate serve? | 6 years |
| What is the title of the person who leads the Senate? | Majority leader |
| Why did the Constitution have age requirements on representatives and senators? | Education and experience |
| What is a bill? | A proposed law |
| In which house of Congress can a bill be introduced? | For taxes, House. For others, Either |
| What has to happen to a bill before it goes to the President? | It must be approved by both sides of Congress |
| What happens to a bill if either house does not approve it | The bill is either 'killed' or altered and re-voted |
| What is a veto? | When the president does not agree with a bill |
| What is an override? | When Congress overturns the President's veto |
| What has to happen to override a veto? | A 2/3s vote in bother sides of Congress(Vote against the veto) |
| Why is the process to make a bill into a law so long and complex? | To make sure the law is fair and necessary |
| Who heads the executive branch? | President |
| Who is second in command of the executive branch? | Vice President |
| How old do you have to be to run for President? | 35 years |
| What other requirement is there to run for President | Born in America, 14 years living in America, 35 years old |
| How long does the President serve? | 4 years |
| Name at least 3 roles of the president | Chief executive, commander in chief, chief legislature, chief of party, chief of state |
| What group heads the judicial branch? | Supreme Court |
| What are the individuals in the Supreme Court called | Justices |
| How many justices are there in the supreme court? | 9 |
| Who appoints justices to the supreme court? | president |
| Who as to approve justices to the supreme court? | senate |
| How long to justices serve? | For life |
| What are checks and balances? | When one branch of government checks the power of the other branches |
| Name a check the legislative branch has on the executive branch | Checks treaties, Impeach, override the vote |
| Name a check the executive branch has on the judicial branch | Appoints justices |
| Name a check the judicial branch has on the legislative branch | Checks laws (Judicial Review) |
| What is an amendment? | An addition to the Constitution |
| What are the first ten amendments called? | Bill of Rights |
| How many states must agree in order to amend the Constitution? | 3/4s, 38 states |
| Why did the Constitution's framers make the amending process so difficult? | To make sure the amendments were fair and necessary |
| Name the five freedoms protected by the first amendment | Religion, assembly, press, petition, speech (R.A.P.P.S.) |
| Why was the 1734 trial of John Peter Zenger important? | It gave government an idea that people should be able to print what they want |
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ItIsMe123
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