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Learning Theories
| Term | Definition | Key Points |
|---|---|---|
| Trial and Error | testing various methods of achieving a goal until you find one that works | slow process, intelligence of performer |
| Open loop theory | This theory accounts well for fast continuous movements , although it does not work so well for slower movements | one movement in one message, muscles perform movement, |
| Closed loop theory | This accounts for slow movements well but not fast movements | not all messages sent together, information received to initiate movement |
| Schema Theory | All of the information needed to make a movement decision. It is stored in the brain as a long-term memory. | The schema theory challenges the open and closed loop theories.the larger the motor programme, the easier it can be adapted to new situations. |
| Recall schema | This occurs before a movement is initiated | Initial conditions, Response conditions |
| Recognition Schema | In order to correct or alter a response | Movement outcomes, Sensory outcomes. |
| Cognitive Phase | In the first stage of learning performances are inconsistent and not success is not guaranteed. | large attention, need for cues, external feedback. |
| Associative phase | Performances are becoming more consistent as motor programmes are being formed | complex skill require spare attention, internal 'kinaesthetic' feedback |
| Autonomous phase | In the final stage of learning, performances have become consistent, fluid and aesthetically pleasing. | stored in long term memory, spare attention on opponents and tactics, needs constant practice to keep to this level |
| Operant Conditioning | correct response to a task being rewarded. | robot, positive and negative reinforcement, manipulation of environment |
Created by:
ChrisWalsh
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