trading stations with resident merchants established by the Portuguese and other Europeans.

important Portuguese factory on the coast of modern Ghana.

ruler of the Kongo kingdom (1507–1543); converted to Christianity; his efforts to integrate Portuguese and African ways foundered because of the slave trade.

Portuguese settlement founded in the 1520s; became the core for the colony of Angola.

Royal African Company

chartered in Britain in the 1660s to establish a monopoly over the African trade; supplied slaves to British New World colonies.

a unit in the complex exchange system of the west African trade; based on the value of an adult male slave.

complex commercial pattern linking Africa, the Americas, and Europe; slaves from Africa went to the New World; American agricultural products went to Europe; European goods went to Africa.

Akan state among the Akan people of Ghana and centered at Kumasi.

important ruler who began centralization and expansion of Asante.

title, created by Osei Tutu, of the civil and religious ruler of Asante.

African kingdom in the Bight of Benin; at the height of its power when Europeans arrived; famous for its bronze casting techniques.

African state among the Fon peoples; developed in the 17th century centered at Abomey; became a major slave trading state through utilization of Western firearms.

Nilotic people who migrated from the Upper Nile regions to establish dynasties in the lakes region of central Africa.

Muslim Fulani leader who launched a great religious movement among the Hausa.

movement inland during the 1830s of Dutch-ancestry settlers in South Africa seeking to escape their British colonial government.

ruler among the Nguni peoples of southeast Africa during the early 19th century; developed military tactics that created the Zulu state.

wars among Africans in southern Africa during the early 19th century; caused migrations and alterations in African political organization.

African states formed by people reacting to the stresses of the Mfecane.

slave voyage from Africa to the Americas; a deadly and traumatic experience.

name given to slaves born in Africa; distinguished from American-born descendants, the creoles.

African religious practices in the British American islands.

African religious practices in Brazil among the Yoruba.

African religious practices among descendants in Haiti.

Angolan-led large runaway slave state in 17th-century Brazil.

descendants of 18th-century runaway slaves who found permanent refuge in the rainforests of Surinam and French Guiana.

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Trans Atlantic Slave

Western-dominated economy became a powerful force altering African Peoples lives

Term	Definition
Factories	trading stations with resident merchants established by the Portuguese and other Europeans.
El Mina	important Portuguese factory on the coast of modern Ghana.
Nzinga Mvemba	ruler of the Kongo kingdom (1507–1543); converted to Christianity; his efforts to integrate Portuguese and African ways foundered because of the slave trade.
Luanda	Portuguese settlement founded in the 1520s; became the core for the colony of Angola.
Royal African Company	chartered in Britain in the 1660s to establish a monopoly over the African trade; supplied slaves to British New World colonies.
Indies piece	a unit in the complex exchange system of the west African trade; based on the value of an adult male slave.
Triangular trade	complex commercial pattern linking Africa, the Americas, and Europe; slaves from Africa went to the New World; American agricultural products went to Europe; European goods went to Africa.
Asante	Akan state among the Akan people of Ghana and centered at Kumasi.
Osei Tutu	important ruler who began centralization and expansion of Asante.
Asantehene	title, created by Osei Tutu, of the civil and religious ruler of Asante.
Benin	African kingdom in the Bight of Benin; at the height of its power when Europeans arrived; famous for its bronze casting techniques.
Dahomey	African state among the Fon peoples; developed in the 17th century centered at Abomey; became a major slave trading state through utilization of Western firearms.
Luo	Nilotic people who migrated from the Upper Nile regions to establish dynasties in the lakes region of central Africa.
Usuman Dan Fodio	Muslim Fulani leader who launched a great religious movement among the Hausa.
Great Trek	movement inland during the 1830s of Dutch-ancestry settlers in South Africa seeking to escape their British colonial government.
Shaka	ruler among the Nguni peoples of southeast Africa during the early 19th century; developed military tactics that created the Zulu state.
Mfecane	wars among Africans in southern Africa during the early 19th century; caused migrations and alterations in African political organization.
Swazi and Lesotho	African states formed by people reacting to the stresses of the Mfecane.
Middle Passage	slave voyage from Africa to the Americas; a deadly and traumatic experience.
Saltwater slaves	name given to slaves born in Africa; distinguished from American-born descendants, the creoles.
Obeah	African religious practices in the British American islands.
Candomble	African religious practices in Brazil among the Yoruba.
Vodun	African religious practices among descendants in Haiti.
Palmares	Angolan-led large runaway slave state in 17th-century Brazil.
Surinam Maroons	descendants of 18th-century runaway slaves who found permanent refuge in the rainforests of Surinam and French Guiana.

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