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Building a Theory

Comm Theories Chap 3

TermDefinition
Building Blocks of a Theory ontology, purpose, epistemology and focus
Ontology assumptions about human nature; Determinism vs. Free Will
Determinism assumes that human behavior is governed by forces (biological & environmental) outside the individual's control.
Free Will individuals interpret experiences and create meaning within definite restraints
Throwness idea that we are thrown into a multitude of arbitrary conditions, or restraints, that influence our life circumstances
Purpose production of laws of human nature or rules that guide; Essentialism vs. Antiessentialism
Law unalterable fact that holds true across time and space
Essentialism belief that there are certain things, or laws, that are true about all humans or a class of humans, across place and time
Antiessentialism the belief that there are no universal laws that govern how humans behave
Epistemology branch of philosophy concerned with how we come to know things; objectivism vs. subjectivism
Objectivism reality is material and external to the mind; there exists a singular truth that we discover
Subjectivism humans can create meanings and many meanings are possible
Standpoint Theory material, social and symbolic circumstances of a social group shape the thoughts and behaviors of the group's members
Focus/Content should theories focus on behavior or the meanings behind behavior; Behaviorism vs Humanism
Behaviorism science focused on observable behavior and meanings; motives are irrelevant (key person: B.F. Skinner; based on "brute" facts
Humanism science focused on mental and psychological process behind behavior (key person: John Searle); based on "institutional" facts
Created by: LydiaR6
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