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Building a Theory
Comm Theories Chap 3
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Building Blocks of a Theory | ontology, purpose, epistemology and focus |
Ontology | assumptions about human nature; Determinism vs. Free Will |
Determinism | assumes that human behavior is governed by forces (biological & environmental) outside the individual's control. |
Free Will | individuals interpret experiences and create meaning within definite restraints |
Throwness | idea that we are thrown into a multitude of arbitrary conditions, or restraints, that influence our life circumstances |
Purpose | production of laws of human nature or rules that guide; Essentialism vs. Antiessentialism |
Law | unalterable fact that holds true across time and space |
Essentialism | belief that there are certain things, or laws, that are true about all humans or a class of humans, across place and time |
Antiessentialism | the belief that there are no universal laws that govern how humans behave |
Epistemology | branch of philosophy concerned with how we come to know things; objectivism vs. subjectivism |
Objectivism | reality is material and external to the mind; there exists a singular truth that we discover |
Subjectivism | humans can create meanings and many meanings are possible |
Standpoint Theory | material, social and symbolic circumstances of a social group shape the thoughts and behaviors of the group's members |
Focus/Content | should theories focus on behavior or the meanings behind behavior; Behaviorism vs Humanism |
Behaviorism | science focused on observable behavior and meanings; motives are irrelevant (key person: B.F. Skinner; based on "brute" facts |
Humanism | science focused on mental and psychological process behind behavior (key person: John Searle); based on "institutional" facts |