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Revolutions
Revolution and enlig
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Liberty | The state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority on one's way of life, behavior, or political views |
| Popular sovereignty | one of the six foundational principles upon which the US Constitution is built. a doctrine in political theory that government is created by and subject to the will of the people |
| Natural rights | rights with which all humans are born, including the rights to life, liberty, and property |
| Democracy | “the rule of the many,” government by the people, either directly or through their elected representatives |
| Nationalism | the unique cultural identity of a people based on common language, religion, and national symbols |
| Glorious Revolution | the last genuine revolution in Britain. Because there was little armed resistance in England to William and Mary, the revolution is also called the Bloodless Revolution. |
| American Revolution | The war of 1775–83 in which the American colonists won independence from British rule. |
| French Revolution | a revolution in France from 1789 to 1799. It led to the end of the monarchy. The Revolution ended when Napoleon Bonaparte took power in November 1799 and began his dictatorship. King Louis XVI was executed. |
| Haitian Revolution | a slave revolt in the French colony of Saint-Domingue, which culminated in the elimination of slavery there and the founding of the Republic of Haiti. |
| Mexican Revolution | was one of the great revolutionary upheavals of the twentieth century: beginning in 1910, it still continues - at least according to the official view of the Mexican Government |
| Russian Revolution | A revolution in Russia in 1917–1918, also called the October Revolution, that overthrew the czar and brought the Bolsheviks, a Communist party led by Lenin, to power |
| contractual government | |
| Industrial Revolution | the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. |
| Specialization | the basis of global trade as few countries produce enough goods to be completely self-sufficient. |
| Mass production | the production of large amounts of standardized products, including and especially on assembly lines. |
| Middle class | the social group between the upper and working classes, including professional and business workers and their families. bourgeoisie |
| Labor unions | an organized association of workers, often in a trade or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests. |
| Laissez-faire economics | literally, “let [people] do [what they want]”; the concept that the state should not impose government regulations but should leave the economy alone |
| Marxism | Marxism-Leninism. Marxism. Ideology and socioeconomic theory developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. |
| Socialism | a political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole. |
| Inquisition | an official investigation, especially one of a political or religious nature, characterized by lack of regard for individual rights, prejudice on the part of the examiners, and recklessly cruel punishments. |
| Urbanization | for becoming more like a city. When populations of people grow, the population of a place may spill over from city to nearby areas |
| Enlightenment | a European intellectual movement of the late 17th and 18th centuries emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition. It was heavily influenced by 17th-century philosophers such as Descartes, Locke, and Newton. |
| Bacon | (2 January 1647 – 26 October 1676) was a colonist of the Virginia Colony, famous as the instigator of Bacon's Rebellion of 1676, which collapsed when Bacon himself died from dysentery |
| Descartes | French philosopher and mathematician; developed dualistic theory of mind and matter; introduced the use of coordinates to locate a point in two or three dimensions (1596-1650) |
| Galileo | was an Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who played a major role in the scientific revolution. |
| Newton | English mathematician and physicist; remembered for developing the calculus and for his law of gravitation and his three laws of motion (1642-1727) |
| Locke | English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704) |
| Montesquieu | was a French social commentator and political thinker who lived during the Age of Enlightenment. |
| Rousseau | was a Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer of the 18th century. His political philosophy influenced the French Revolution as well as the overall development of modern political, sociological, and educational thought. |
| Bolivar | was a military and political leader |
| Jefferson | was an American Founding Father, the principal author of the Declaration of Independence and the third President of the United States |
| Paine | A patriot and author in the Revolutionary War, created Common Sense and the American Crisis series, urged American independence. He took part in the French Revolution and wrote The Rights of Man to defend it against the criticisms of Edmund Burke |
| Adam Smith | (5 June 1723 OS (16 June 1723 NS) – 17 July 1790) was a Scottish moral philosopher and a pioneer of political economy. |
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tessa320
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