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History Chapter 3
History Test Chapter 3 Islam
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| oasis | small area in desert that is watered by springs or wells |
| Ubar | destroyed by collapse of underground reservoir- found lost city- had trade route and Frankincense |
| Arabs | Many different tribes that feuded- believed in one God, hanif |
| nomads | herders- travel from oasis to oasis- traded milk and meat for carpets and weapons |
| tribes | lived in close groups |
| idols | made to represent sons and daughters of God |
| Nomadic life | Spoke Arabic- farmers provided food- believed in a creator and lesser gods that influenced life |
| trade and merchants | merchants a lot of trade- some became scholars or judges- some stayed- sea linked many trade routes |
| Petra | Northwest corner peninsula-means rock |
| Mecca | only for Muslims, holy city of Islam, fresh wells, routes stretch north and south |
| Quraysh | tribe that takes car of Kaaba |
| suq | big marketplace |
| Kabba | built 4,000 years ago, house of worship for one God, walk 7 times around, safe passage of caravans |
| pilgrimage | journey to a sacred site |
| Quran | believed by Muslims to be written record of God's word revealed to Muhammad |
| Muhammad | spend month in cave in Mount Hira- Gabriel angel command him to read |
| monotheism | belief in one god |
| life of Muhammad | prophet of Allah- went to see Abraham, Moses, Jesus |
| preachings of Muhammad | talked about being one god- many did not like and plotted to kill- Muhammad fled from Quraysh into Medina- beginning of lunar calendar known as Hijrah |
| Islam | submission to Allah |
| Muslims | believers in Islam- those who submit to Allah's will |
| Muhammad in Mecca | returned and brought peace- brought new religion- people tried to say no but made an army and won- removed idols from Kabba |
| mosque | Muslim house of worship |
| Hadith | Words or deeds of Muhammad were passed down |
| Sunna | authentic sources of Islamic beliefs and practices |
| Abraham | considered to be father of Arabs through son Ishmael |
| first pillar- profession of faith | "Allah is the only god and Muhammad is his prophet" |
| second pillar- pray 5 times a day | wash before praying and kneel facing Kaaba |
| third pillar- alms | give to the poor and sick and charities |
| fourth pillar- fast during Ramadan- ninth month | no eat or drink from sun up to sun down- bring them closer to Allah |
| fifth pillar- Hajj | pilgrimage to Mecca |
| Muslims | holy books cover diet, divorce, marriage- cannot eat pork or drink alcohol |
| Jihad | do best not to be evil |
| Muhammad's sucess | was able to spread Islam because had courage and compassion |
| Muhammad's death | people were scared- needed to pick a new successor but would be a military and political leader |
| caliph | Arabic for successor |
| Abu Bakr | came after Muhammad- put down revolts- spread Islam- two years |
| caliph contenders | Abu Bakr: friend- Umar and Uthman: advisory- Ali: cousin |
| Umar | conquered more land and people- tolerant with conquered people as long as "people of the book" |
| council | assembly |
| Uthman | conquered land and expanded empire- murdered |
| Ali | tried to punish murders but could not- five years |
| Muawiya | developed following in Syria- challenged Ali's right to rule |
| Shiites- party of Ali | thought Ali should have been picked in first place- believe in Imam: took on strong spirituality: gave name to Ali- think only people to be caliph is related to Muhammad by blood |
| Sunnis- claim to follow example of Muhammad | believe in the choice of the first caliphs- emphasize Muhammad's teachings- do not believe in Imam |
Created by:
efinney
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