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Echinoderms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What kind of endoskeleton does an echinoderm have? | hard, spiny, or bumpy |
| What covers the endoskeleton? | a thin epidermis |
| What are rays? | long tapered arms covered with rounded spines |
| What is the endoskeleton of echinoderms made up of? | calcium carbonate |
| What are pincers of echinoderms called? | pedicellariae |
| What are the pedicellariae used for? | protection and cleaning |
| What type of symmetry do echinoderms have? | radial |
| What does radial symmetry allow all echinoderms to do? | use their senses in all directions |
| What type of system do echinoderms have? | water vascular |
| How does the water vascular system work? | using water pressure |
| What is a madreporite? | A disk-shaped opening, like a sieve, through which water enters and exits an echinoderm. |
| What does the madreporite keep from getting in the echinoderm? | large particles |
| What four things does the madreporite allow the echinoderm to do? | 1. move 2. take in oxygen 3. capture food 4. release waste |
| What are the appendages of echinoderms covered in? | tube feet |
| What are tube feet like? | tiny suction cups |
| What are located at the base of the tube feet? | ampulla |
| What do ampulla act like? | the bulb of a dropper |
| What do the ampulla work? | the suction cups of the tube feet |
| Do tube feet work independently? | yes |
| What three things are tube feet used for? | 1. movement along the ocean bottom 2. gas exchange 3. waste removal (diffusion) |
| What are the 4 things that make up an echinoderm's digestive system? | 1. mouth 2. stomach 3. intestines (digestive gland) 4. anus |
| What do carnivores eat? | meat, such as, shrimp, small fish, clams, mollusks, and sea worms |
| What do herbivores eat? | plants, such as seaweed and kelp |
| What do scavengers eat? | waste products, dead animals, and decaying matter |
| Instead of having a head or brain, echinoderms have a: | nerve ring around their mouth |
| How does the nerve ring work? | nerves branching to each ray form nerve nets, and relay sensory information to the ring |
| What are modified cells that detect light? | eye spots |
| What type of symmetry do the larvae of echinoderms have? | bilateral |
| What process do the larvae use to become adults? | metamorphosis |
| Are echinoderms deuterostomes or protostomes? | deuterostomes |
| Where doesn't the mouth of the echinoderm form? | on the gastrula |
| What is an endoskeleton? | calcium carbonate plates found under the epidermis; they can be loosely touching (flexibility) or they can slide tight into place (rigidity) |
| What controls water flow from the water vascular system? | madreporite |
| What are like suction cups, and are used for movement or opening prey? | tube feet |
| What are located on the tips of the rays? | eyespots |
| What makes digestive enzymes? | digestive gland |
| What is pushed outside the mouth to engulf food, then break it down and absorb it? | stomach |
| What excretes waste? | anus |
| How many rays do most sea stars have? | 5 rays, although some have more than 40 |
| How does regeneration work in brittle stars? | it helps them survive predation, due to pieces of the ray easily breaking off and predators eating the pieces; the star gets away and grows a new one |
| How are the tube feet used in brittle stars? | they are used for propulsion, as the brittle star doesn't walk on the ocean bottom |
| How are sea urchins or sand dollars shaped? | globe or disk-shaped |
| Where are sand dollars' modified tube feet and gills located? | on the flower pattern on its surface |
| How do sea cucumbers distract predators? | they release a sticky group of tubes from their anus or expel internal organs |
| Can a sea cucumber regenerate any organ? | yes |
| How does external fertilization in sea cucumbers work? | eggs and sperm are released into the water |
| What do sea lilies and feather stars resemble? | plants |
| When are feather stars sessile? | during the larva stage |
| How are the arms of adult feather stars used? | to swim |
| When and where were two types of sea daisies found? | in 1986 in New Zealand |
| How are sea daisies shaped? | flat and disk-like |
| How big are sea daisies? | less than one centimeter in diameter |
| Where are a sea daisies' tube feet found? | on the edges |
| Define: open | blood isn't contained in vessels; it flows loose inside the body cavity and tissue spaces |
| Define: indirect development | offspring hatch as larva and must change into their adult form |
| Define: radial symmetry | body parts are arranged around a central axis |
| Define: endoskeleton | skeleton found inside the body |
| Define: bile | green digestive enzyme that breaks down fat |
| Define: coelom | space that surrounds internal organs |
| Define: echinoderm | radial symmetry; has an endoskeleton, water vascular system, and tube feet; example: sea star, urchin, or cucumber |
| Define: ossicle | calcium carbonate plates that form the endoskeleton |
| Define: tube feet | fluid filled; used in locomotion, feeding, gas exchange, and nitrogen excretion |
| Define: pedicellariae | small pincer-like structure on the surface; keeps the surface clean |
| Define: dorsal | surface opposite the mouth; back |
| Define: chordate | have a notochord, a hollow dorsal nerve chord, pharyngeal slits, and a postanal tail |
| Define: eyespot | light-sensitive pigmented spot |
| Define: rays | long, tapering arms |
| Define: test | external protective shell |
| Define: ganglion | mass of nerve cells |
| Define: madreporite | opening through which water enters the water vascular system |
| Define: ampulla | controls water entering and leaving tube feet; bulb-like sac |
| Define: stone canal | connects madreporite and ring canal; part of the water vascular system |
| Define: ventral | surface on which the mouth is located; front |
| Define: nerve ring | encircles mouth of sea star |
| Define: water vascular system | network of water-filled canals |
| Define: ambulacral groove | groove on oral surface that holds tube feet |
| Define: radial canal | part of water vascular system; runs along ambulacral ridge |
| Define: radial nerve | runs inside the ambulacral ridge in each arm of a starfish |
| Define: external fertilization | egg and sperm unite outside the female's body |
| Define: deuterostome | embryonic blastula becomes the anus |
| Define: marine | organism lives in the ocean |
| Define: skin gills | hollow tubes that project from surface in which gas exchange and nitrogen excretion takes place |
| Define: invertebrate | without a backbone |
| Define: pyloric stomach | connected to the digestive gland |
| Define: bipinnaria | winged larva in echinoderms |
| Define: hemolymph | fluid circulated through an open circulatory system |
| Define: cardiac stomach | extruded through the mouth during feeding |
| Define: hemocoel | hemolymph-filled space or body cavity |
| Define: pentaradial | symmetry in which parts extend outward along 5 spokes |
| Define: direct development | offspring start as small version of adults |
| Define: closed | blood is contained in vessels |
| Do invertebrate chordates have a backbone? | no |
| Do invertebrate chordates have a dorsal hollow nerve chord? | yes |
| Do invertebrate chordates have a notochord? | yes |
| Do invertebrate chordates have pharyngeal pouches? | yes |
| Where is the notochord located in an embryo? | between the digestive system and the nerve chord |
| What is the notochord made of? | fluid wrapped in rigid tissue |
| In vertebrate chordates, what does the notochord become? | back bone |
| What does the notochord form from? | the mesoderm |
| What is the notochord the place for? | muscle attachment and movement |
| What is the dorsal hollow nerve cord made of? | cells that surround a fluid-filled canal |
| Where is the dorsal hollow nerve cord located? | above the notochord |
| In vertebrate chordates, what does the dorsal hollow nerve chord become? | the brain and spinal cord |
| What do all invertebrate and vertebrates have as embryos? | pharyngeal pouches |
| What does the pharyngeal pouches become in aquatic chordates? | gill slits |
| What does the pharyngeal pouches become in terrestrial chordates? | the jaw, inner ear, and tonsils |
| What is the tail moved by? | muscle blocks |
| What are homeotic genes? | genes that hold directions on how to make specific body tissues and organs |
| What are tunicates? | sea squirts |
| Do tunicate larvae have tails? | yes |
| Rather than eat, what do tunicate larvae do when the hatch? | swim |
| How do tunicates protect themselves? | by making an outer covering from cellulose called a tunic |
| What are gill slits used for? | respiration |
| When tunicates are bothered, what do they do? | squirt out water |
| How do lancelots spend most of their lives? | buried in the sand, with an exposed head-like appendage |
| How many layers of skin do lancelots have? | one |
| What is an excurrent siphon? | where water exits a tunicate |
| What is the pharynx? | the throat cavity; it is lined with cilia and gills slits |
| What does the cilia do? | move water through the tunicate |
| What does the heart do? | pumps blood in one direction for several minutes, then reverses direction |
| What is the ciliated groove? | food gets trapped there and mixed with mucous; then the food and mucous are moved to the intestines |
| What is the incurrent siphon? | the top hole where the water enters; the mouth |
| Organisms in which the embryonic blastopore becomes the anus are called ______ | deuterostomes |
| Echinoderms are the only ______ | invertebrate deuterostomes |
| The sieve-like opening to the water vascular system is called the ______ | madreporite |
| Hollow skin extensions through which gas exchange and excretion takes place are called _____ | skin gills |
| type of symmetry seen in adult starfish | radial |
| In a starfish, the ______ stomach is connected to the mouth and extruded through the mouth during feeding. | cardiac |
| another name for the dorsal surface of a seastar | aboral |
| The surface on a starfish where the anus is located is the ______ surface. | aboral |
| The surface on a starfish where the ambulacral ridge is located is the ______ surface. | oral |
| The ability to regrow lost body parts is called ______. | regeneration |
| Organisms is which the embryonic blastopore becomes the mouth are called ______. | protostomes |
| Body system consisting of a network of water filled canals found in echinoderms | water vascular system |
| Small pincer-like structures on the skin at the base of the spines which keep the starfish's surface clean are called ______. | pedicellariae |
| Small calcium carbonate plates that make up the endoskeleton of an echinoderm are called ______. | ossicles |
| Type of symmetry seen in starfish larvae | bilateral |
| In a starfish, the ______ stomach is connected to the digestive glands and stays in the body during feeding. | pyloric |
| another name for the ventral surface in a sea star | oral |
| The surface on a starfish where the mouth is located is the ______ surface. | oral |
| The surface on a starfish where the ambulacral groove is located is the ______ surface. | oral |
| Name 2 structures found inside the ambulacral ridge. | radial nerve and radial canal |
| Starfish have ______ development. | indirect |
| Name the part of the nervous system that encircles a starfish's mouth. | nerve ring |
| Starfish have ______ circulation. | open |
| Name the structures at the tips of each arm that sense dark and light. | eyespots |
| Echinoderms belong in the kingdom ______. | animalia |
| Give a function for the skin gills. | gas exchange; nitrogen excretion |
| A bulb-like sac that squeezes to control the amount of water in the tube feet is called ______. | ampulla |
| The ring canal is part of the ______ system. | water vascular |
| The ampullae are part of the ______ system. | water vascular |
| Name a body part that functions in gas exchange in a starfish. | tube feet; skin gill |
| The main function of the ampullae is to ______. | control water going to tube feet |
| Name the part of the water vascular system that encircles a starfish's mouth. | ring canal |
| The name Echinodermata comes from the Latin words meaning ______. | spiny skin |
| Name the surface structures that give echinoderms their name and provide protection. | spines |
| The kind of skeleton found in echinoderms | endoskeletons |
| The stomach is part of the ______ system. | digestive |
| The nerve ring is part of the ______ system. | nervous |
| Name the body part that absorbs nutrients in a starfish. | digestive gland |
| Which echinoderms are sessile? | sea lilies and feather stars |
| Which organism expels its internal organs to scare off predators? | sea cucumber |
| What traps food in mucous in sea squirts? | ciliated groove |
| What is the protective covering of sea squirts? | tunic |
| What moves the tail of invertebrate chordates? | muscle blocks |
| What are the genes that hold the directions to create specific body parts? | homeotic genes |
| What do pharyngeal pouches become in vertebrate chordates? | jaw, inner ear, tonsils |
| What becomes gill slits in lancelets and sea squirts? | pharyngeal pouches |
| Since the mouth of vertebrates is not made from the opening in the gastrula, they are called ______. | deuterostomes |
| How do echinoderms find their prey? | chemical signatures |
| How do echinoderms detect light? | eyespots |
| Which heterotrophic level can echinoderms be classified under? | carnivores, herbivores, and scavengers |
| What serves as muscle attachments in invertebrate chordates? | notochord |
| What controls water flow to the tube feet? | ampulla |
| The nervous system of echinoderms is made up of what? | no brain; a nerve ring surrounds the mouth and nerve nets branch out into the rays |
| The notochord forms after the gastrula from what? | mesoderm |
| What moves water into the body of an echinoderm? | the water vascular system (madreporite) |
| The endoskeleton of echinoderms is made from what? | calcium carbonate |
| A structure that functions as a backbone in invertebrate chordates is what? | dorsal hollow nerve chord |
| What has a notochord and pharyngeal pouches? | invertebrate chordates |
| What has a skeleton made of calcium carbonate and pedicellariae? | sea star |
| Spiny skinned organisms that have a water vascular system belong to which phylum? | Echinodermata |
| Teeth-like structures found in the mouths of sea urchins that are used for rasping algae are called what? | Aristotle's lantern |
| The tunic of sea squirts is composed of which material? | cellulose |
| A sea squirt uses its ______ for food collection and gas exchange. | pharynx |
Created by:
Caralicia
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