Echinoderms Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
What kind of endoskeleton does an echinoderm have?	hard, spiny, or bumpy
What covers the endoskeleton?	a thin epidermis
What are rays?	long tapered arms covered with rounded spines
What is the endoskeleton of echinoderms made up of?	calcium carbonate
What are pincers of echinoderms called?	pedicellariae
What are the pedicellariae used for?	protection and cleaning
What type of symmetry do echinoderms have?	radial
What does radial symmetry allow all echinoderms to do?	use their senses in all directions
What type of system do echinoderms have?	water vascular
How does the water vascular system work?	using water pressure
What is a madreporite?	A disk-shaped opening, like a sieve, through which water enters and exits an echinoderm.
What does the madreporite keep from getting in the echinoderm?	large particles
What four things does the madreporite allow the echinoderm to do?	1. move 2. take in oxygen 3. capture food 4. release waste
What are the appendages of echinoderms covered in?	tube feet
What are tube feet like?	tiny suction cups
What are located at the base of the tube feet?	ampulla
What do ampulla act like?	the bulb of a dropper
What do the ampulla work?	the suction cups of the tube feet
Do tube feet work independently?	yes
What three things are tube feet used for?	1. movement along the ocean bottom 2. gas exchange 3. waste removal (diffusion)
What are the 4 things that make up an echinoderm's digestive system?	1. mouth 2. stomach 3. intestines (digestive gland) 4. anus
What do carnivores eat?	meat, such as, shrimp, small fish, clams, mollusks, and sea worms
What do herbivores eat?	plants, such as seaweed and kelp
What do scavengers eat?	waste products, dead animals, and decaying matter
Instead of having a head or brain, echinoderms have a:	nerve ring around their mouth
How does the nerve ring work?	nerves branching to each ray form nerve nets, and relay sensory information to the ring
What are modified cells that detect light?	eye spots
What type of symmetry do the larvae of echinoderms have?	bilateral
What process do the larvae use to become adults?	metamorphosis
Are echinoderms deuterostomes or protostomes?	deuterostomes
Where doesn't the mouth of the echinoderm form?	on the gastrula
What is an endoskeleton?	calcium carbonate plates found under the epidermis; they can be loosely touching (flexibility) or they can slide tight into place (rigidity)
What controls water flow from the water vascular system?	madreporite
What are like suction cups, and are used for movement or opening prey?	tube feet
What are located on the tips of the rays?	eyespots
What makes digestive enzymes?	digestive gland
What is pushed outside the mouth to engulf food, then break it down and absorb it?	stomach
What excretes waste?	anus
How many rays do most sea stars have?	5 rays, although some have more than 40
How does regeneration work in brittle stars?	it helps them survive predation, due to pieces of the ray easily breaking off and predators eating the pieces; the star gets away and grows a new one
How are the tube feet used in brittle stars?	they are used for propulsion, as the brittle star doesn't walk on the ocean bottom
How are sea urchins or sand dollars shaped?	globe or disk-shaped
Where are sand dollars' modified tube feet and gills located?	on the flower pattern on its surface
How do sea cucumbers distract predators?	they release a sticky group of tubes from their anus or expel internal organs
Can a sea cucumber regenerate any organ?	yes
How does external fertilization in sea cucumbers work?	eggs and sperm are released into the water
What do sea lilies and feather stars resemble?	plants
When are feather stars sessile?	during the larva stage
How are the arms of adult feather stars used?	to swim
When and where were two types of sea daisies found?	in 1986 in New Zealand
How are sea daisies shaped?	flat and disk-like
How big are sea daisies?	less than one centimeter in diameter
Where are a sea daisies' tube feet found?	on the edges
Define: open	blood isn't contained in vessels; it flows loose inside the body cavity and tissue spaces
Define: indirect development	offspring hatch as larva and must change into their adult form
Define: radial symmetry	body parts are arranged around a central axis
Define: endoskeleton	skeleton found inside the body
Define: bile	green digestive enzyme that breaks down fat
Define: coelom	space that surrounds internal organs
Define: echinoderm	radial symmetry; has an endoskeleton, water vascular system, and tube feet; example: sea star, urchin, or cucumber
Define: ossicle	calcium carbonate plates that form the endoskeleton
Define: tube feet	fluid filled; used in locomotion, feeding, gas exchange, and nitrogen excretion
Define: pedicellariae	small pincer-like structure on the surface; keeps the surface clean
Define: dorsal	surface opposite the mouth; back
Define: chordate	have a notochord, a hollow dorsal nerve chord, pharyngeal slits, and a postanal tail
Define: eyespot	light-sensitive pigmented spot
Define: rays	long, tapering arms
Define: test	external protective shell
Define: ganglion	mass of nerve cells
Define: madreporite	opening through which water enters the water vascular system
Define: ampulla	controls water entering and leaving tube feet; bulb-like sac
Define: stone canal	connects madreporite and ring canal; part of the water vascular system
Define: ventral	surface on which the mouth is located; front
Define: nerve ring	encircles mouth of sea star
Define: water vascular system	network of water-filled canals
Define: ambulacral groove	groove on oral surface that holds tube feet
Define: radial canal	part of water vascular system; runs along ambulacral ridge
Define: radial nerve	runs inside the ambulacral ridge in each arm of a starfish
Define: external fertilization	egg and sperm unite outside the female's body
Define: deuterostome	embryonic blastula becomes the anus
Define: marine	organism lives in the ocean
Define: skin gills	hollow tubes that project from surface in which gas exchange and nitrogen excretion takes place
Define: invertebrate	without a backbone
Define: pyloric stomach	connected to the digestive gland
Define: bipinnaria	winged larva in echinoderms
Define: hemolymph	fluid circulated through an open circulatory system
Define: cardiac stomach	extruded through the mouth during feeding
Define: hemocoel	hemolymph-filled space or body cavity
Define: pentaradial	symmetry in which parts extend outward along 5 spokes
Define: direct development	offspring start as small version of adults
Define: closed	blood is contained in vessels
Do invertebrate chordates have a backbone?	no
Do invertebrate chordates have a dorsal hollow nerve chord?	yes
Do invertebrate chordates have a notochord?	yes
Do invertebrate chordates have pharyngeal pouches?	yes
Where is the notochord located in an embryo?	between the digestive system and the nerve chord
What is the notochord made of?	fluid wrapped in rigid tissue
In vertebrate chordates, what does the notochord become?	back bone
What does the notochord form from?	the mesoderm
What is the notochord the place for?	muscle attachment and movement
What is the dorsal hollow nerve cord made of?	cells that surround a fluid-filled canal
Where is the dorsal hollow nerve cord located?	above the notochord
In vertebrate chordates, what does the dorsal hollow nerve chord become?	the brain and spinal cord
What do all invertebrate and vertebrates have as embryos?	pharyngeal pouches
What does the pharyngeal pouches become in aquatic chordates?	gill slits
What does the pharyngeal pouches become in terrestrial chordates?	the jaw, inner ear, and tonsils
What is the tail moved by?	muscle blocks
What are homeotic genes?	genes that hold directions on how to make specific body tissues and organs
What are tunicates?	sea squirts
Do tunicate larvae have tails?	yes
Rather than eat, what do tunicate larvae do when the hatch?	swim
How do tunicates protect themselves?	by making an outer covering from cellulose called a tunic
What are gill slits used for?	respiration
When tunicates are bothered, what do they do?	squirt out water
How do lancelots spend most of their lives?	buried in the sand, with an exposed head-like appendage
How many layers of skin do lancelots have?	one
What is an excurrent siphon?	where water exits a tunicate
What is the pharynx?	the throat cavity; it is lined with cilia and gills slits
What does the cilia do?	move water through the tunicate
What does the heart do?	pumps blood in one direction for several minutes, then reverses direction
What is the ciliated groove?	food gets trapped there and mixed with mucous; then the food and mucous are moved to the intestines
What is the incurrent siphon?	the top hole where the water enters; the mouth
Organisms in which the embryonic blastopore becomes the anus are called ______	deuterostomes
Echinoderms are the only ______	invertebrate deuterostomes
The sieve-like opening to the water vascular system is called the ______	madreporite
Hollow skin extensions through which gas exchange and excretion takes place are called _____	skin gills
type of symmetry seen in adult starfish	radial
In a starfish, the ______ stomach is connected to the mouth and extruded through the mouth during feeding.	cardiac
another name for the dorsal surface of a seastar	aboral
The surface on a starfish where the anus is located is the ______ surface.	aboral
The surface on a starfish where the ambulacral ridge is located is the ______ surface.	oral
The ability to regrow lost body parts is called ______.	regeneration
Organisms is which the embryonic blastopore becomes the mouth are called ______.	protostomes
Body system consisting of a network of water filled canals found in echinoderms	water vascular system
Small pincer-like structures on the skin at the base of the spines which keep the starfish's surface clean are called ______.	pedicellariae
Small calcium carbonate plates that make up the endoskeleton of an echinoderm are called ______.	ossicles
Type of symmetry seen in starfish larvae	bilateral
In a starfish, the ______ stomach is connected to the digestive glands and stays in the body during feeding.	pyloric
another name for the ventral surface in a sea star	oral
The surface on a starfish where the mouth is located is the ______ surface.	oral
The surface on a starfish where the ambulacral groove is located is the ______ surface.	oral
Name 2 structures found inside the ambulacral ridge.	radial nerve and radial canal
Starfish have ______ development.	indirect
Name the part of the nervous system that encircles a starfish's mouth.	nerve ring
Starfish have ______ circulation.	open
Name the structures at the tips of each arm that sense dark and light.	eyespots
Echinoderms belong in the kingdom ______.	animalia
Give a function for the skin gills.	gas exchange; nitrogen excretion
A bulb-like sac that squeezes to control the amount of water in the tube feet is called ______.	ampulla
The ring canal is part of the ______ system.	water vascular
The ampullae are part of the ______ system.	water vascular
Name a body part that functions in gas exchange in a starfish.	tube feet; skin gill
The main function of the ampullae is to ______.	control water going to tube feet
Name the part of the water vascular system that encircles a starfish's mouth.	ring canal
The name Echinodermata comes from the Latin words meaning ______.	spiny skin
Name the surface structures that give echinoderms their name and provide protection.	spines
The kind of skeleton found in echinoderms	endoskeletons
The stomach is part of the ______ system.	digestive
The nerve ring is part of the ______ system.	nervous
Name the body part that absorbs nutrients in a starfish.	digestive gland
Which echinoderms are sessile?	sea lilies and feather stars
Which organism expels its internal organs to scare off predators?	sea cucumber
What traps food in mucous in sea squirts?	ciliated groove
What is the protective covering of sea squirts?	tunic
What moves the tail of invertebrate chordates?	muscle blocks
What are the genes that hold the directions to create specific body parts?	homeotic genes
What do pharyngeal pouches become in vertebrate chordates?	jaw, inner ear, tonsils
What becomes gill slits in lancelets and sea squirts?	pharyngeal pouches
Since the mouth of vertebrates is not made from the opening in the gastrula, they are called ______.	deuterostomes
How do echinoderms find their prey?	chemical signatures
How do echinoderms detect light?	eyespots
Which heterotrophic level can echinoderms be classified under?	carnivores, herbivores, and scavengers
What serves as muscle attachments in invertebrate chordates?	notochord
What controls water flow to the tube feet?	ampulla
The nervous system of echinoderms is made up of what?	no brain; a nerve ring surrounds the mouth and nerve nets branch out into the rays
The notochord forms after the gastrula from what?	mesoderm
What moves water into the body of an echinoderm?	the water vascular system (madreporite)
The endoskeleton of echinoderms is made from what?	calcium carbonate
A structure that functions as a backbone in invertebrate chordates is what?	dorsal hollow nerve chord
What has a notochord and pharyngeal pouches?	invertebrate chordates
What has a skeleton made of calcium carbonate and pedicellariae?	sea star
Spiny skinned organisms that have a water vascular system belong to which phylum?	Echinodermata
Teeth-like structures found in the mouths of sea urchins that are used for rasping algae are called what?	Aristotle's lantern
The tunic of sea squirts is composed of which material?	cellulose
A sea squirt uses its ______ for food collection and gas exchange.	pharynx

Created by: Caralicia

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