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Chapter 2 Test
Hon World History
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Nile River | -called the "giver of life" -Egypt is the "Gift of the Nile -Predictable floods makes agriculture possible -Used as a highway connecting Upper/South and Lower/North Egypt -Egyptians called it the "creator of all good" |
| Assyrians | Civilization that had a well-organized and disciplined army; was known for its cruel treatment of conquered peoples |
| Persians | Conquered a large empire and were tolerant of conquered peoples’ way of life and believed in a prophet named Zoroaster and that there was a struggle in the universe between good and evil supreme beings. |
| Phoenicians | Developed a simplified alphabet which became the basis for Greek and all western alphabets; they have been called the “Carriers of Civilization” because of their extensive trading network which led to cultural diffusion. |
| Isrealites | first people to be monotheistic |
| Mandate of Heaven | the belief that Heaven, which was a impersonal law of nature, kept order in the universe through the Zhou king. The king was the link between Heaven and Earth. The king ruled by authority from Heaven; this is the basic principle of the Chinese goverment |
| Egyptian Religion | -Polytheistic -Osiris (ruler of the underworld) -Anton/Re (sun god)-Mummification (*removed organs and placed them into jars *Preserved bodies with natural salt to remove water *Process took 70 days and was watched by a priest) |
| Old Kingdom | rulers were seen as gods removed from people |
| Middle Kingdom | rulers were expected to provide for the public welfare; conquered territory of the south |
| New Kingdom | established an empire stretching to the Euphrates River |
| Menes | first ruler to unite the upper and lower kingdom into 1 kingdom |
| Dynasty | family of rulers there were 30 in Egyptian History |
| Egyptian Goverment | *Military Monarchy/Theocracy -King (pharaoh) had absolute power -Pharaoh was the "son of re" he was worshiped as god and his power came directly from the god -Pharaohs spirit (ka) would influence Egypt after his death |
| Egyptian Government (cont.) | *Officials included governors made up the bureaucracy and were appointed by the Pharaoh to assist in government LOOK AT: DYNASTY OLD KINGDOM MIDDLE KINGDOM NEW KINGDOM MENES |
| Harappa & Mohenjo Daro | -ancient advanced civilization in the Indus River Valley -Carefully Planned -Advanced Main Street System -Advanced Architecture -Public Wells: regular water flow -Drainage System -Well organized government -Chute system for garbage |
| Harappa Civilization | -Economy based on farming -traded with Mesopotamia & Sumerians -Flourished between 3000 & 1500 BC |
| Geography of China | -Huang He (Yellow River): stretched across China for more than 2900 miles carrying rich yellow silt from Mongolia to the Pacific Ocean -Chiang Jiang (Yangtze River): flows about 3400 miles across central China from emptying out into the Yellow Sea |
| Geography of China cont. | -barriers such as mountains and deserts isolate people from other parts of China -Rivers kept a fertile place for farming and Physical features helped keep out invaders |
| China Social Classes under Shang's rule | 1. Ruler 2. Chief land owner, Aristocrats, Officials 3. Peasants 4. Merchants, Artisans, Slaves |
| China's Economy | economy based on -farming -trading -manufacturing |
| Hieratic Script | simplified version of hieroglyphics used in ancient Egypt for business transactions, record keeping, and general needs of everyday life |
| Sanskrit | the first writing systems of Aryans developed around 1000 BC |
| Woman in Egypt | -marriages arranged by parents -males valued more because they carry family's name -husbands were masters of the house wives were respected -woman had property and rights -4 woman became rulers of Egypt -Education not open for them |
| Monsoons | a seasonal wind pattern in southern Asia |
| Hammurabi's Code | made the first written code of laws based on principle |
| Papyrus | paper made from papyrus reed |
| Aristocracy | an upper class whose wealth is based on land and whose power is passed on from one generation to the next |
| Dao | "way" the correct or divine way |
| Filial Piety | the duty of family members to subordinate their needs and desires to those of the male head of the family |
| Raja | a prince or ruler of Southern Asia or parts of the South Asia |
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