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Vocabulary
Westward Expansion
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Manifest destiny | the belief that it was the United States destiny to expand west and conquer territory all the way to the Pacific Ocean |
| Oklahoma land rush | occurred when the U.S. government opened what had previously been Native American territory to white settlement |
| Women | often experienced more freedom and took on roles traditionally held by men out of necessity |
| African Americans | moved west after the Civil War to be farmers, cowboys, or soldiers |
| Black Exodus | name given to the period after the Civil War in which many African Americans left the South and moved west |
| Buffalo Soldiers | African American soldiers who served admirably and had a reputation among Native Americans as brave fighters |
| Chinese immigrants | often helped construct the nations railroads during the late 1800s |
| Nativists | people who did not like immigrants because they felt they drove down wages by offering cheap labor |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | passed in 1882, restricting Chinese immigrants, was not repealed until 1943 |
| Mexicans | U.S. settlers to the western territories learned cattle ranching from |
| Native Americans | had conflicts with the European Americans, fought several battles against settlers and the U.S. Army, and were often forced to move from their land to government-run reservations |
| Buffalo | Plains Indians relied on for food, clothing, and shelter. ranching, railroads, and white settlement led to a decrease in population and greatly impacted the Plains Indians |
| Reservations | government lands to which Native Americans were forced to move and on which they were forced to live |
| Sand Creek Massacre | occurred when us soldiers attacked Cheyenne Indians at Sand Creek and killed 270 Native Americans, many of which were women and children |
| Little Bighorn | Native Americans last greatly victory over the U.S. Army and resulted in the massacre of George A. Custer and over two hundred of his men |
| Nez Perce | Native American people led by Chief Joseph |
| Wounded Knee | last major armed conflict between U.S. soldiers and Native Americans; ended with 150 Native American men, women, and children being killed by us troops |
| The Dawes Act | law passed by Congress in 1887 meant to assimilate Native Americans into U.S. culture |
| Transcontinental railroad | completed in 1862 and connected eastern railroads to western railroads |
| Steel plow | made it possible to farm the tough prairie terrain of the west |
| Windmills | made it possible for farmers to pump water from deep, underground water sources to the surface, allowing them to water their crops and farm successfully |
| Barbed wire | made fencing possible for farmers in the west, despite the lack of timber |
| Railroads | allowed farmers and ranchers to import goods from and export goods to important eastern markets |
| Cattle ranching | major western industry due to available land and the fact that white settlers learned the ranching techniques of Mexicans who already lived and raised cattle in the Southwest |
| Mining | discovery of gold in the west made this a very important industry |
| Cooperatives | organizations through which farmers united to help one another economically and politically |
| Populist movement | a political movement that supported farmers and the "common man" |
| Greenbacks | referred to as paper money |
| Free silver | the position that the U.S government should base the U.S dollar |
| William Jennings Bryan | a fiery speaker and political leader who won the 1896 Democratic nomination for president |
| "Cross of Gold" speech | famous speech given by William Jennings Bryan at the 1896 Democratic Convention, in which he called for free silver |
Created by:
LaniD
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