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chapter 8 vocabulary

TermDefinition
1.)progressivism- movement that responded to the pressures of industrialization and urbanization by promoting reforms.
2.)muckraker- writer who uncovers and exposes misconduct in politics or business.
3.)social gospel- reform movement that emerged in the late nineteenth century that sought to improve society by applying Christian principles.
4.)settlement house- community center organized at the turn of the twentieth century to provide social services to the urban poor.
5.)direct primary- election in which citizens themselves vote to select nominees for up coming elections.
6.)initiative- process in which citizens put a proposed new law directly on the ballot.
7.)referendum- process that allows citizens to approve or reject a law passed by a legislature.
8.)recall- process which voters can remove elected officials from office before their terms end.
9.)NCL- group organized in 1899 to investigate the conditions under which goods were made and sold and to promote safe working conditions and a minimum wage.
10.)temperance movement- movement aimed at stopping alcohol abuse and the problems created by it.
11.)suffrage- the right to vote.
12.)NAWSA- group founded in 1890 that worked on both state and national levels to earn women the right to vote.
13.)nineteenth amendment- constitutional amendment that gave women the right to vote.
14.)Americanization- belief that assimilating immigrants into American society would make them more loyal citizens.
15.)Niagara movement- group of African American thinkers founded in 1905 that pushed for immediate racial reforms, particularly in education and voting practices.
16.)NAACP- interracial organization founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination and to achieve political and civil right for African Americans.
17.)urban league- network of churches and clubs that set up employment agencies and relief efforts to help African Americans get settled and find work in the cities.
18.)anti-defamation league- organization formed in 1913 to defend Jews against physical and verbal attacks and false statements.
19.)mutualistas- organized group of Mexican Americans that make loans and provide legal assistance to other members of their community.
20.)square deal- president Theodore Roosevelt's program of reforms to keep that wealthy and powerful from taking advantage of small business owners and the poor.
21.)Hepburn act- 1906 law that gave the government the authority to set railroad rates and maximum prices for ferries, bridge tolls, and oil pipelines.
22.)meat inspection act- 1906 law that allowed the federal government to inspect meat sold across state lines and required federal inspection of meat processing plants.
23.)pure food and drug act- 1906 law that allowed federal inspection of food and medicine and banned the interstate shipment and sale of impure food and mislabeling of food and drugs.
24.)national reclamation act- 1902 law that gave the federal government the power to decide where and how water would be distributed though the building and management of dams and irrigation projects.
25.)new nationalism- president Theodore Roosevelt's plan to restore the governments trust-busting power.
26.)progressive party- political party that emerged from the Taft-Roosevelt battle that split the republican party in 1912.
27.)new freedom- Woodrow Wilson's program to place government controls or corporations in order to benefit small business.
28.)sixteenth amendment- 1913 constitutional amendment that gave congress the authority to levy an income tax.
29.)federal reserve act- 1913 law that placed national banks under control of a federal reserve board, which runs regional banks that hold reserve funds from commercial banks, sets interest rates, and supervises commercial banks.
30.)federal trade commission- government agency established in 1914 to identify monopolistic business practices, false advertising, and dishonest labeling.
31.)clayton antitrust act- 1914 law that strengthened the Sherman antitrust act.
Created by: p_mack97
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