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US HISTORY COLD WAR
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cold War | a state of political hostility between countries characterized by threats, propaganda, and other measures short of open warfare, in particular |
| Declaration of Liberated Europe | issued by Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin and declared "the right of all people to choose the satallite the form of government under which they will live" |
| Satellite Nations | Eastern European countries that had to remain Communist and friendly to the Soviet Union. |
| George Kennan's Long Telegram | was prompted by US enquiries about Soviet behaviour, especially with regards to their refusal to join the newly created World Bank and International Monetary Fund |
| Containment | keeping communism within its present territory through the use of diplomatic, economic, and military actions |
| Turkey and Greece Crisis | |
| Truman Doctrine | President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology |
| Marshall Plane | gave European nations American aid to rebuild their economies |
| Berlin Blockade | was one of the first major international crises of the Cold War. the Soviet Union blocked the Western Allies' railway, road, and canal access to the sectors of Berlin under Allied control. |
| Berlin Airlift | when cargo planes supplied Berliners with food, medicine, and coal |
| NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization, an international organization composed of the US, Canada, Britain, and a number of European countries: established by the North Atlantic Treaty (1949) for purposes of collective security. |
| Warsaw Pact | a military treaty and association of E European countries, formed in 1955 by the Soviet Union, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania: East Germany left in 1990; the remaining members dissolved the Pact in 1991 |
| Mao Zedong | Chinese communist revolutionary and a founding father of the People's Republic of China |
| Korean Conflict - effect on Cold War policy | A conflict that lasted from 1950 to 1953 between North Korea, aided by China, and South Korea, aided by United Nations forces consisting primarily of U.S. troops. |
| Iron Curtain | the notional barrier separating the former Soviet bloc and the West prior to the decline of communism that followed the political events in eastern Europe in 1989. |
| National Defense Education Act | was signed into law on September 2, 1958, providing funding to United States education institutions at all levels. |
| Developing Nations | was signed into law on September 2, 1958, providing funding to United States education institutions at all levels. |
| Red Scare | the promotion of fear of a potential rise of communism or radical leftism, used by anti-leftist proponents, in the United States |
| Loyalty Review Program | an effort by President Truman to find communists within the American government |
| J. Edgar Hoover | the first Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) of the United States. |
| Whittaker Chambers | an American writer and editor |
| Alger Hiss | was an American lawyer, government official, author, and lecturer. He was involved in the establishment of the United Nations both as a U.S. State Department and U.N. official. |
| Julius & Ethel Rosenberg | a married couple convicted of conspiracy to commit espionage in 1951, are put to death in the electric chair |
| Project Venona | a counter-intelligence program initiated by the United States Army Signal Intelligence Service; a counter-intelligence program initiated by the United States Army Signal Intelligence Service |
| Joseph McCarthy | an American politician who served as a Republican U.S. Senator from the state of Wisconsin from 1947 until his death in 1957. |
| McCarthyism | a vociferous campaign against alleged communists in the US government and other institutions carried out under Senator Joseph McCarthy; although most did not in fact belong to the Communist Party. |
| McCarran Act | Internal Security Act of 1950, 64 Stat. 987, also known as the Subversive Activities Control Act of 1950 or the McCarran Act, after its principal sponsor Sen. Pat McCarran, is a United States federal law of the McCarthy era. |
| Army-McCarthy hearings | a series of hearings held by the United States Senate's Subcommittee on Investigations between April 1954 and June 1954 |
| Fallout | an unexpected or incidental effect, outcome, or product |
| Subversion | destroying someone's (or some group's) honesty or loyalty |
| Perjury | the offense of willfully telling an untruth in a court after having taken an oath or affirmation. |
| Loyalty Review Board | formed in response to Americans' fears that there were Communists operating within the US government. |
| HUAC | created to investigate disloyalty and subversive organizations. |
| GI Bill of Rights | was a law that provided a range of benefits for returning World War II veterans. |
| Taft-Hartley Act | outlawed the closed shop, gave presidential power to delay strikes with a "cooling‑off period, and curtailed the political and economic power of organized labor. |
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