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Ch.10 Review
American History- Launching the Nation Grade 8
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| privateers | private ships authorized to attack a country's enemies |
| national debt | the amount of money owed by the United States |
| loose construction | belief that the federal government can do anything reasonable unless specifically prohibited by the Constitution |
| strict construction | the belief that the federal government can only do what is specifically permitted by the Constituion |
| protective tariff | a duty, or tax, on goods brought into the country that raises the price of those goods |
| precedent | an act or decision that serves as an example for later generations |
| speculators | investors who buy items at low prices in the hope that the value will increase later |
| bonds | certificates that represent money owed |
| politcal parties | groups that help elect government officals and influence government policies |
| John Jay | 1st Chief Justice of the Supreme Court |
| Thomas Jefferson | 1st Secretary of State; 3rd President of U.S. (1800); disagreed with Alexander Hamilton on many issues; one of the founders of the Democratic-Republican Party |
| Alexander Hamilton | 1st Secretary of the Treasury; Developed the idea of the national bank; founder of the Federalist Party |
| George Washington | 1st President of the United States; served two terms; issued a farewell address to warn the nation of dangers |
| John Adams | 1st Vice President; 2nd President of U.S. |
| Aaron Burr | Thomas Jefferson's Vice President in 1800; A Democratic-Republican; Shot A. Hamilton in a duel |
| Edmond Genet | French minister attempting to gain U.S. support for France; recruited privateers; was deported by Washington |
| Little Turtle | led a force from the Indian Confederation against U.S. troops in 1890. |
| Jay's Treaty | agreement in which Britain promised to abandon their forts in the western frontier, pay for damages to ships and allow shipping in the Caribbean |
| Pinckney's Treaty | agreement in which Spain changed the FL border; reopened the port of New Orleans |
| Treaty of Greenville | agreement that gave the U.S. access to some Indian lands in the NW Territory |
| Neutrality Proclamation | stated that the U.S. would remain neutral toward all nations at war in Europe |
| Bank of the United States | planned to improve the U.S. economy |
| Alien and Sedition Acts | made it illegal for U.S. citizens to plot against the country |
| Farewell Address | Washington's 3 part warning to the citizens about public debt, foreign alliances, and political divisions at home |
| XYZ Affair | controversy that involved 3 French agents demanding a bribe and loan for the French government in return for negotiating peace terms |
| Whiskey Rebellion | rebellion of Western PA farmers about a tax on a homemade product; Washington sent 1000's of troops to put down the rebellion; ended without a fight |
| Judiciary Act | Congress's establishment of a 3 part federal court system in 1789 |
| KY and VA Resolutions | written by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts; claiming that these laws violated states rights |
| French Revolution | violent rebellion in Europe that gave it's country freedom from its monarchy |
| Battle of Fallen Timbers | battle between U.S. and Native warriors over land in the Northwest Territory; General Anthony Wayne was the U.S. leader |
| Republican Motherhood | idea that women should play an important role in teaching children to be good citizens |
| Federalists | political party popular in the North/NE; supported a strong central government; preferred the economy to depend on industry and trade; Alexander Hamilton founded |
| Democratic- Republicans | political party popular in the South and western frontier; supported a weaker central government with more control to states; preferred an agricultural economy |
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