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Sociology

TermDefinition
1. Beliefs A shared ideas held collectively by people within a given culture.
2. Counterculture Subculture created as a reaction against the values of the dominant culture.
3. Culture Capital Cultural resources that are socially designated as being worthy (such as knowledge of elite culture) and that give advantages to groups possessing such capital.
4. Culture Diffusion The transmission of cultural elements from one society or cultural group to another.
5. Culture Hegemony The pervasive and excessive influence of one culture throughout society.
6. Cultural Relativism The idea that something can be understood and judged only in relationship to the cultural context in which it appears.
7. Culture The complex system of meaning and behavior that defines the way of life for a given group of society.
8. Culture Lag The delay in cultural adjustments to changing social conditions.
9. Culture Shock The feeling of disorientation that can come when one encounters a new or rapidly changed cultural situation.
10. Dominant Culture The culture of the most powerful group in society.
11. Ethnocentrism The belief that one’s in-group is superior to all out-groups.
12. Ethnomethodology A technique for studying human interaction by deliberately disrupting social norms and observing how individuals attempt to restore normalcy.
13. Folkways The general standards of behavior adhered to by a group.
14. Global Culture The diffusion of a single culture throughout the world.
15. Language A set of symbols and rules that, when put together in a meaningful way, provides a complex communication system.
16. Law The written set of guidelines that define what is right and wrong in society.
17. Mass Media Channels of communication that are available to very wide segments of the population.
18. Material Culture The objects created in a given society.
19. Mores Strict norms that control moral and ethical behavior.
20. Nonmaterial Culture The norms, laws, customs, ideas, and beliefs of a group of people.
21. Norms The specific cultural expectations for how to act in a given situation.
22. Popular Culture The beliefs, practices, and objects that are part of everyday traditions.
23. Reflection Hypothesis The idea that the mass media reflect the values of the general population.
24. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis A Theory that language determines other aspects of culture because language provides the categories through which social reality is defined and perceived.
25. Social Sanctions Mechanisms of social control that enforce norms.
26. Subculture The culture of groups whose values and norms of behavior are somewhat different from those of the dominant culture.
27. Symbols Things or behavior to which people give meaning.
28. Taboos Those behaviors that bring the most serious sanctions.
29. Values The abstract standards in a society or group that define ideal principles.
1. Concept# Any abstract characteristic or attribute that has the potential to be measured.
Created by: tsdarden
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