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Chapter 8
The Progressive Era
Term | Definition |
---|---|
1. Progressivism | movement that responded to the pressures of industrialization and urbanization by promoting reforms |
2. muckraker | writer who uncovers and exposes misconduct in politics or business |
3. Social Gospel | reform movement that emerged in the late nineteenth century that sought to improve society by applying Christian principles |
4. settlement house | community center organized at the turn of the twentieth century to provide social services to the urban poor |
5. direct primary | election in which citizens themselves vote to select nominees for upcoming elections |
6. initiative | process in which citizens put a proposed new law directly on the ballot |
7. referendum | process that allows citizens to approve or reject a law passed by a legislature |
8. recall | process by which voters can remove elected officials from office before their terms end |
9. National Consumers League(NCL) | group organized in 1899 to investigate the conditions under which goods were made and sold and to promote safe working conditions and a minimum wage |
10. temperance movement | movement aimed at stopping alcohol abuse and the problems created by it |
11. suffrage | the right to vote |
12. National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA) | group founded in 1890 that worked on both the state and national levels to earn women the right to vote |
13. Nineteenth Amendment | constitutional amendment that gave women the right to vote |
14. Americanization | belief that assimilating immigrants into American society would make them more loyal citizens |
15. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) | interracial organization founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination and to achieve political and civil rights for African Americans |
16. Niagara Movement | group of African American thinkers founded in 1905 that pushed for immediate racial reforms particularly in education and voting purposes |
17. Urban League | network of churches and clubs that set up employment agencies and relief efforts to help African Americans get settled and find work in the cities |
18. mutualistas | organized groups of Mexican Americans that make loans and provide legal assistants to other members of their community |
19. Anti-Defamation League | organization formed in 1913 to defend Jews against physical and verbal attacks and false statements |
20. Square Deal | President Theodore Roosevelt's program of reforms to keep wealthy and powerful from taking advantage of small business owners and the poor |
21. Hepburn Act | 1906 law that gave the government the authority to set railroad rates and maximum prices for ferries, bride tolls, and oil pipelines |
22. Meat Inspection Act | 1906 law that allowed the federal government to inspect meat sold across state lines and required federal inspection of meat processing plants |
23. Pure Food and Drug Act | 1906 law that allowed federal inspection of food and medicine and banned the interstate shipment and sale of impure food and the mislabeling of food and drugs |
24. National Reclamation Act | 1902 law that gave the federal government the power to decide where and how water would be distributed through the building and management of dams and irrigation projects |
25. New Nationalism | President Theodore Roosevelt's plan to restore the governments trust-building power |
26. Progressive Party | political party that emerged from the Taft-Roosevelt battle that split the Republican party in 1912 |
27. New Freedom | Woodrow Wilson's program to place government controls on corporations in order to benefit small businesses |
28. Sixteenth Amendment | 1913 constitutional amendment that gave Congress the authority to levy an income tax |
29. Federal Reserve Act | 1913 law that placed national banks under the control of a Federal Reserve Board, which runs regional banks that hold the reserve funds from commercial banks, sets interest rates, and supervises commercial banks |
30. Federal Trade Commission | government agency established in 1914 to identify monopolistic business practices, false advertising, dishonest labeling |
31. Clayton Antitrust Act | 1914 law that strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act |