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Social Studies final
SS
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ka'aba | a black stone building,in Mecca,that is shaped like a cube and that is the most sacred Muslim pilgrim shrine |
| nomads | A member of a group of people who have no fixed home and move according to the seasons from place to place in search of food, water, and grazing land |
| Bedouin | An Arab of any of the nomadic tribes of the Arabian, Syrian, Nubian, or Sahara deserts |
| Market place | an area in a town where a public mercantile establishment is set up |
| polythism | belief in many gods |
| monothism | belief in one god |
| oasis | A fertile or green spot in a desert or wasteland, made so by the presence of water |
| desert | A dry, often sandy region of little rainfall, and extreme temperatures reaching 120' |
| coastal plain | an area of flat, low-lying land and is separated from the interior by other features |
| mountains | a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill |
| date tree | a tree grown in the oasis that grows fruit |
| Allah | a god, especially in Islam |
| Meccan | people that lived in Mecca |
| orphaned | a child whose parents are dead |
| Judasim | the monotheistic religion of the Jews |
| Christianity | the monotheistic religion of the Christans |
| Allah | the only god of Muslims |
| Angel Gabriel | the messenger of Allah |
| Qur'an | the Islamic sacred book, believed to be the word of God as dictated to Muhammad by the angel Gabriel and written down in Arabic |
| Muslim | a follower of the religion of Islam |
| Medina | the old Arab or a quarter of a North African town |
| Mecca | city in Saudia Arabia that fought with the muslims |
| surrendered | resistance to an enemy or opponent |
| Islam | the religion of the Muslims,a monotheistic faith founded through Muhammad,the last prohet |
| caravan trader | A company of travelers journeying together, across a desert |
| merchant | a person or company involved in wholesale trade |
| shahada | (profession of faith)there is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of god |
| salat | (daily worship) Muslims must pray 5 times a day:dawn, noon, midday, sunset, night fall |
| zakat | (charity) Muslims must give 2.5 percent of their income or possession to the poor |
| siyam | (fasting) Muslims fast, go without food, until daylight ends. the rather strength then food |
| hajj | (fasting) Muslims fast, go without food, until daylight ends. the rather strength then food |
| Sunnah | Muslim traditions passed down from the Middle ages |
| Mediterranean Sea | largest inland sea;between Europe,Africa,and Asia |
| Red Sea | a long arm of the Indian Ocean between northeast Africa and Arabia |
| Arabian Sea | a peninsula between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf |
| Persian Gulf | a shallow arm of the Arabian Sea between Iran and the Arabian peninsula |
| textiles | a type of cloth or woven fabric |
| Judaism | a religion for the Jews |
| Christianity | a religion for the Christians |
| Byzantine | an Empire, or the Eastern Orthodox Church |
| Sassanian | dynasty that ruled Persia from early 3rd century AD to the Arab Muslim conquest of 651 |
| Frankincense | an African tree and burned as incense |
| perfume | a fragrant liquid typically made from essential oils extracted from flowers |
| grain | small, hard, dry seeds harvested for human or animal food |
| farmer | a person who owns or manages a farm |
| crafts people | Skill in doing or making something, as in art; proficiency |
| Arabian Peninsula | a peninsula between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf |
| peninsula | a piece of land almost surrounded by water or projecting out into a body of water |
| Arabia | a peninsula between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf |
| caliph | a successor |
| sunni | first four caliphs were the rightful rulers |
| shia | only Ali, Muhammad's son-in-law, was legitimate |
| emir | a Muslim Governor |
| bureaucracy | a system of departments and agencies that carry out the work of the government |
| Caliph Abd Malik | a unified Umayyed Empire by making the official language Arabic |
| Damascus | the capital city of the Umayyed Empire |
| Baghdad | a major trading center on the Tigris river |
| standing army | powerful force stationed throughout the Abbasid Empire |
| iMalinclusion | the action or state of including or of being included within a group or structure |
| golden age | the peak of an empire |
| mercenary | people from different area's payed to defend the Empire |
| Reconquest | Christian kingdoms sought out to take back the land of the Umayyed Empire controlled |
| King Ferdinand & Queen Isabella | rulers of Spain that drove the Muslims out of Spain |
| Songhai | located in western Africa. From the mid-15th to the late 16th century, Songhai was one of the largest Islamic empires in history |
| Mansa Musa | emperor of Mali. Brought 13 tons of gold to Mali |
| Alfonso 1 | a ruler of the Kingdom of Kongo in the first half of the 16th century. He reigned over the Kongo Empire from 1509 to late 1542 or 1543 |
| kinship | blood relationship |
| labor specialization | a system of organizing the manufacture of an article in a series of separate specialized operations, each of which is carried out by a different worker or group of workers |
| griot | storyteller in western Africa who perpetuates the oral tradition and history of a village or family |
| savannah | flat grassland of tropical or subtropical regions |
| Berbers | an ethnic minority descended from Berbers and Arabs and living in northern Africa |
| Trans-Saharan trade | traded gold and salt |
| trade | goods exchange economy |
| Saharan | hottest desert, and the third largest desert after Antarctica and the Arctic. At over 9,400,000 square kilometres, it covers most of North Africa |
| empire Ghana | a sovereign state and unitary presidential constitutional republic |
| kingdom | a country, state, or territory ruled by a king or queen |
| Kongo Kingdom | an African kingdom located in west central Africa |
| Mali | country in West Africa. Mali is bordered by Algeria to the north, Niger to the east |
| Africa | second-largest and second-most-populous continent. At about 30.2 million km² including adjacent islands |
| Culture | the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively |
| Sundiata | founder of the Mali Empire and celebrated as a hero of the Mandinka people |
| Timbuktu | a town in the West African nation of Mali situated 20 km north of the River Niger on the southern edge of the Sahara Desert |
| missionary | a person sent on a religious mission |
| Roman Catholicism | the beliefs and practices of the Catholic Church based in Rome |
| Trans-Atlantic Slave trade | the act of trading slave |
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kat124
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