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electrolytes
colligative properties and electrolytic functions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| electrolytes | Compounds that dissociate into ions in water |
| nonelectrolytes | are chemical compounds that remain bound together when dissolved in a solution and do not conduct electricity |
| strong electrolyte | a solution in which a large portion of the solute exists as ions |
| weak electrolyte | a solution that conducts electricity poorly because only a fraction of the solute exists as ions |
| electrolyte balance | Essential for fluid balance, blood pressure, nerve conduction, and muscle contraction. |
| foods highest in mineral | rich electrolytes |
| bananas | rich source of potassium |
| kidneys | regulate the electrolyte balance by filtering out excess ions |
| hyponatremia | Abnormal condition of low sodium in the blood |
| symptoms of hyponatremia | ...headache, muscle weakness, fatigue, apathy, confusion, abd. cramps, & orthostatic hypotension. |
| danger of heavy exercise | excess loss of electrolytes in your sweat, particularly sodium and potassium. |
| fluid intake | is critical to maintaining electrolyte balance |
| drop in blood sodium levels | stimulates the kidneys to produce more urine...restoring the sodium levels by lowering the amount of water in the blood |
| results of high sodium levels in the blood | (1) the body develops a thirst, and (2) the brain stimulates the kidneys to produce less urine...both actions result in the dilution of the sodium in the blood; restoring the balance |
| Hypernatremia | An ELEVATION of SODIUM in the blood either from dehydration, or increased sodium intake or retention. |
| Hypokalemia | A condition in which an inadequate amount of potassium |
| Hyperkalemia | An abnormally high concentration of potassium ions in the blood |
| osmotic pressure | Pressure that must be applied to prevent osmotic movement across a selectively permeable membrane |
| fluid balance | fluids and electrolytes leaving the body should be equal to the amounts being taken in |
| Hydrostatic pressure | regulate the movement of water and electrolytes from one compartment to another. |
| water balance | exists when water intake equals water output |
| daily water intake | About 60% of daily water is gained from drinking, another 30% comes from moist foods, and 10% from the water of metabolism. |
| thirst mechanism | is the primary regulator of water intake. |
| water output | urine, feces, perspiration, evaporation and through breathing |
| electrolytes of greatest importance | sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulfate, phosphate, bicarbonate, and hydrogen ions. |
| body water content of infants | about 73%, |
| body water content of men | 60% |
| body water content of women | about 50% because they have relatively more body fat and less skeletal muscle than men |
Created by:
rufuspat
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