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Social Midterm

Midterm Review

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Sahara Desert Located in Northern Africa.
Gobi Desert Located in Southern Mongolia and Northern China.
Andes Mts. Located in the Eastern coast of South America.
Appalachian Mts. Located in the Eastern part of the U.S.
Rocky Mts. Extends from the U.S-Mexico border to the Yukon territory in Northern Canada.
Ural Mts. Separates Europe from Asia located in Russia.
Cuba Located south of Florida. *Island*
Madagascar Large island southeast of Africa. *Island*
Philippines Located in southeast Asia: southern of Taiwan and north of Indonesia. *Island*
Sri Lanka Southeast of India. *Island*
Bering Strait A narrow sea passage that separates eastern tip of Siberia in Russia from Alaska and links Arctic ocean fro Bering Sea.
Strait of Gibraltar Channel separating the Southern tip of Spain and North Africa in the Mediterranean Sea.
Strait of Magellan Passage separating Tierra Del Fuego and Mainland's South America connects the Atlantic and the Pacific.
Amazon River Located in South America flows from Peru to Atlantic.
Mississippi River Located near middle section of the U.S.
Nile River The longest river in the world located in east Africa.
Hudson River Located in the Eastern boundary of New York State.
Source Where a river starts usually in the highlands.
Mouth Where a river ends, usually at a large body of water.
Cardinal Directions Four main directions: North, South, West East.
Intermediate Directions Northwest, Southwest, Northeast, Southeast.
Physical Boundary Created by nature. Ex: Rivers, Lakes Mts.
Political Boundary Political Boundary Man made. Ex: Towns, Streets, Roads.
Latitude Measured north and south of the equator. 90 degrees is maximum line of latitude.
Longitude Measured east and west from the Prime Meridian. 180 degrees is the maximum line of longitude.
Prime Meridian Cuts through Greenwich England.
International Dateline Cuts through the Pacific Ocean app. 180 degrees of longitude.
Time Zones Each time zone represents an hr. of time and 15 degrees of longitude. 24 time zones in the entire world.
U.S Time Zones The contiguous-connected U.S has Four time zones, Eastern, Central, Mountain, Pacific. 6 in the entire U.S The contiguous states and Alaska, Hawaii.
Clarence Boundaries North: Tonawanda Creek (Physical)East: Town of New stead village of Akron (Political)West: Town of Amherst village of Williamsville (Political)South: Town of Lancaster (Political)
Iroquois *Seneca* Keepers of the Western Door
Iroquois *Cayuga* Younger Brother
Iroquois *Onondaga* Fire Keepers
Iroquois *Oneida* Younger Brother
Iroquois *Mohawk* Keepers of the Eastern Door
First people to reach North America The Indians came from Asia by crossing land bridge that joined Asia and North America.
6th Nation to join the Iroquois Confederacy Tuscarora
The sacred plant used in Iroquois ceremonies Tobacco
Three sister Beans, corn, squash.
Head of Iroquois family Oldest woman
Why was Iroquois Confederacy formed? To maintain peace between all the Iroquois nations and to handle political (treaties) and military (war) matters with other nations.
Archeology The study of the remains of past civilizations.
Anthropology The study of culture and development in human beings.
Artifact Something made by humans. Ex: pots, pans, arrows, diaries and tools.
Culture The total way of life for a group of people.
Historic A written record.
Matrilineal Descent is traced through the mother's side of the family. Ex. of matrilineal society: Iroquois.
Patrilineal Descent is traced through the father's side of the family. Ex of Patrilineal society: America
Pre-Colombian North America before Columbus discovered it in 1492.
Prehistoric Period of time before written records.
Columbian Exchange The exchange of people, plants, animals, and ideas between the New World and the Old World. Ex: Europeans gave the Indians diseases; small pox, influenza and measles. The Native Americans gave the Europeans crops; tobacco, potatoes, corn and coco beans.
Northwest Passage A water-route around/thought North America.
John Cabot England, found fishing wealth near Newfoundland for England.
Jacques Cartier France, claimed St. Lawrence area for France. Founded Montreal and calls it New France.
Samuel de Champlain C"Father of New France" Established first permanent French settlement Quebec City. Established fur trade in Quebec. Made enemies with the Iroquois.
Chris Columbus Spain, First to sail west and reached east. Discovered island of Hispaniola.
Francis Coronado Spain, first to see Grand Canyon, explored and claimed southwest U.S for Spain.
Hernando Cortez Spain, conquered the Aztecs in Mexico. He killed the emperor Montezuma and collected the Aztec's gold. Advantages were guns, horses steel and diseases.
Sir Francis Drake "The Dragon" England. He was an English Sea Dog that defeated the Spanish Armada was the 2nd to circumnavigate the globe.
Henry Hudson England/Holland(Dutch) Claimed Hudson Bay for England. His crew killed him. Claimed Hudson river and New York for the Dutch.
Robert LaSalle France, Claimed all territory from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico for France. Named it Louisiana Territory after King Louis the XIV. Killed by his own men in Texas.
Ferdinand Magellan Spain, 1st to circumnavigate the globe. He was killed in the Philippine Island.
Father Marquette and Joliet France, realized the Mississippi River emptied into the Gulf of Mexico and NOT into the Gulf of California, like he originally thought.
Francis Pizarro Spain, defeated the Incas in Peru and seized gold. Advantages were guns, horses steel and diseases.
Massachusetts Religious freedom Plymouth pilgrims, Boston Puritans.
New Hampshire Seeking religious freedom,and fleeing the Puritans in Massachussets, Portsmouth, Exeter.
Rhode Island Seeking religious freedom, founded by Roger Williams, fleeing Puritans in Massachusetts, believed Massachusetts government held too much power over people. Providence.
Connecticut Fleeing Puritans in Massachussets, seeking religious freedom, founded by Rev. Thomas Hooker, also believed Massachusetts government held too much power over people. First written constitution fundamental orders.
New York Expand trade (Ex. Fur) with the Indians, Dutch settlers -Governor Peter Stuyvesant (old silver nails) King of England gave it to Duke of York. New Amsterdam NYC Fort Orange Albany.
Delaware Founded by swedish settlers, trade with Native Americans. Fort Christina.
New Jersey Farming and trade with Native Americans, Princeton.
Pennsylvania Seeking religious freedom, founded by William Penn and the Society of Friends Quakers, Philadelphia "City of brotherly love".
Virginia Find gold and make money, Virginia Company of London 1607 leader, John Smith. Sir Walter Raleigh, Roanoke colony 1585, Jamestown.
Maryland Haven for English Catholics, sounded by Lord Baltimore, Baltimore.
North/ south Carolina To make money, founded by 8 friends of King Charles II. Charleston, SC.
Georgia Protection against Spanish Florida. Founded by James Oglethorpe, safe home for English deptors. Savannah.
Ohio Country Land south of Lake Erie and where the English colonists wanted to expand and settle. West of the Appalachian Mts.
Another name for French and Indian War Seven years war.
Albany Plan of Union Representatives from the colonies met in Albany, NY to discuss the threat of war with the French. Wanted to find a way to defend themselves against the French. Author was Ben Franklin's plan. Called for general government for the colonists.
Result of the Albany Plan of Union No colony was willing to give up individual power and identity. Not a single colony approved of this plan.
Iroquois Allies of the British during the French and Indian War.
General Braddock Stubborn British general who refused to adapt to new warfare tactics. He died and was buried under his road.
William Pitt British Prime Minister (Leader) who developed the strategies to win the French and Indian War. Fort Pitt and Pittsburgh were named after him and his leadership during the war.
Fort Necessity Hastily built by George Washington and his troops. Was forced to surrender and became know as "the official start of the war."
Battle of Quebec "turning point" of the French and Indian War and last MAGOR battle of the war. British General Wolfe won the battle for the British, but was killed in the process.
Treaty of Paris Was a treaty that Spain, France and England signed. 1.England gained Canada and land east of the Mississippi river. 2.Spain gained land west of Mississippi River and New Orleans 3. England gained Florida.
Created by: Mini Schro
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