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Cells
WVSOM Class of 2012 Cells
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the functions of the glycocalyx? | cellular attachment to extracellular matrix components; binding of antigens and enzymes to the cell surface; facilitates cell-cell recognition; absorption of molecules |
| what are the 2 types of chromatin in the nucleus? | euchromatin, heterochromatin |
| which chromatin is basophilic and transcriptionally inactive? | heterochromatin |
| which chromatin is lightly stained and is very transcriptionally active? | euchromatin |
| where is the site of noncytosolic protein synthesis? | rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| rER is common in what kind of cells? | those that synthesize secretory proteins |
| sER is most commonly found in what kind of cells? | steroid synthesizing cells |
| sER is involved with which processes? | drug detoxification, muscle contraction and relaxation, and synthesis of trig/chol |
| what are the functions of the golgi process? | carbohydrate synthesis, processing of noncytosolic proteins synthesized in the rER, & membrane retrieval, recycling, & redistribution |
| what are residual bodies? | leftover lysosomes |
| cell-cell adhesions are together at what point? | along the side |
| cell-extracellular matrix adhesions are together at what point? | at the base |
| examples of cell-cell adhesions? | cadherins and integrins |
| what are zonula occludens? | site of membrane interdigitation |
| what are zonula adherens? | cell-cell Adhesions; Strongest cell-cell adhesion |
| how is the zonula adherens stabilized? | organization of the actin cytoskeleton into adhesions belts |
| what are desmosomes? | Button-like intercellular “rivets” |
| what are some “non-classical” cadherins? | desmoglein, desmoplakin |
| another name for desmosomes? | Macula adherens |
| what are gap junctions? | channels between cells; allows for mixing ions & small molecules, and are usually gated |
| what are hemi-desmosomes? | sites of localized interaction with ECM; found at the base of cells anchoring them to the underlying connective tissue |
| how are desmosomes and hemi-desmosomes stabilized? | intermediate filaments |
| what are focal adhesions? | sites of localized interaction with ECM; dynamic and constantly undergoing change by linking and releasing actin |
| what is the cell coat, which is composed of glycoproteins that project from the apical plasma membrane of the epithelia cells to aid in absorption? | glycocalyx |
| what color does the nucleus of a cell appear with H & E stain? | blue |
| chromatin is made of what two things (not the two types of chromatin)? | DNA and histones |
| which chromatin is condensed DNA? | heterochromatin |
| which chromatin is DNA more readily available for transcription? | euchromatin |
| the nucleolus is made from what kind of RNA? what is its function? | mRNA; synthesis of ribosomes |
| what are examples of noncytosolic proteins? | secretory, plasma-membrane, and lysosomal proteins |
| cytoplasm with abundant rER appears what color in H&E stain? | basophilic |
| cells with large amounts of sER may exhibit distinct ____ under LM? | eosinophilia |
| peroxisomes are also called what? | microbodies |
| why do peroxisomes contain peroxides and catalase? | oxidative digestion of things like fatty acids |
| how do mitochondria appear under LM in hepatocytes and neurons? | very small, dark dots |
| residual bodies not exocytosed from the cell can appear as what? | lipofuscin pigment |
| examples of cell inclusion are: | carbohydrates (melanosomes and melanin), lipids, crystalline structures and pigments |
| lipofuscin and hemoglobin breakdown pigmenst are what color? | yellowish-brown |
| what is another name for a tight junction? | zonula occludens |
| how are focal adhesions stabilized? | organization of actin cytoskeleton into stress fibers |
| zonula occludens are mediated by what? | occluden |
| zonula adherens are mediated by what? | cadherin |
| hemi-desmosomes are mediated by what? | integrins |
| focal adhesions are mediated by what? | integrins |
| which structures mediate signal transduction? | focal adhesions |
| what are two nonmembranous organelles? | ribosomes, centrioles |
| which structures are stabilized by the organization of the actin cytoskeleton into adhesions belts? | zonula adherens |
| gap junctions are mediated by what? | connexins |
Created by:
mhassan
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