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Unit 2
Population
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Agricultural density | The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture. |
| Agricultural revolution | The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering. |
| Arithmetic density | The total number of people divided by the total land area. |
| Census | A complete enumeration of a population. |
| Crude birth rate (CBR) | The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society. |
| Crude death rate (CDR) | The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society. |
| Demographic transition | The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population. |
| Demography | The scientific study of population characteristics. |
| Dependency ratio | The number of people under the age of 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force. |
| Doubling time | The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase. |
| Ecumene | The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement. |
| Epidemiologic transition | Distinctive causes of death in each stage of demographic transition. |
| Epidemiology | Branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population at a special time and are produced by some special causes not generally present in the affected locality. |
| Industrial Revolution | A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods. |
| Infant mortality rate (IMR) | The total number of deaths in a year among infants under 1 year old for every 1,000 live births in a society. |
| Life expectancy | The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. |
| Medical revolution | Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries of Latin America, Asia, Africa. |
| Natural increase rate (NIR) | The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate. |
| Overpopulation | The number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living. |
| Pandemic | Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population. |
| Physiological density | The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture. |
| Population pyramid | A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex. |
| Sex ratio | The number of males per 100 females in the population. |
| Total fertility rate (TFR) | The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years. |
| Zero population growth (ZPG) | A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero. |
Created by:
rickardm11
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