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Chapter 12
Living Standards in a Changing World
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The UN's index used to rank standards of living in its member countries. Based on three indicators: life expectancy, literacy rate / years of education), and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. | Human Development Index |
| % of a population that is able to read & write | literacy rate |
| the total value of all goods and services produced in a country in one year, divided by the population. | GDP per capita |
| non-profit local, national, or international groups that work independently of government on issues such as health, the environment, or human rights. Ex: Greenpeace & HRW | NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) |
| Structures such as roads, railways, power grids, and communications links that are basic to the functioning of a modern economy, as well as buildings such as schools and hospitals. | infrastructure |
| A country with a strong service sector and often an industrial base. Citizens have the highest standards of living in the world, with high levels of literacy, health services, and food supplies. | developed countries |
| Countries in the transition stage between developing and developed nations. Most have rapidly growing economies. | newly industrialized countries |
| Generally, countries that have more of an agriculturally-based economy, inequalities in both its education and health care systems, and a rapidly increasing population. | developing countries |
| Countries that are less developed and have very large debt loads that are owed to international financial institutions or developed countries. | HIPC – Highly Indebted Poor Countries |
| eight goals developed by the member states of the United Nations to close the gap on living standards between developed and developing countries. | Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) |
| calculated as number of deaths per 1000 people in a population. | mortality death rate |
| poor, or lack of, nourishment. | malnutrition |
| the spread of ideas, information, and culture around the world through advances in communication, technology, and travel. | globalization |
| companies that do business in more than one country. | MNCs - multinational corporations |
| Bank that lends money to developing countries to help them build infrastructure projects to improve the standard of living of their people. | World Bank |
| originally created to rebuild Europe following WWII, its mission is to improve the state of democracy and the market economy in its member states (developed countries) | OECD - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |
| An agency of the United Nations set up to help nations experiencing difficulty paying their debts. Its aim is to keep the world economy stable. | IMF - International Monetary Fund |
| a very large-scale, costly project to help develop infrastructure, such as building roads, dams, or irrigation systems. | megaproject |
| In order for poor countries to get loans they have to restructure their economies to ensure repayment. They must agree to encourage foreign investment, grow cash crops for export, and have some government services run by private companies. | SAPs - Structural Adjustment Programmes |
| assistance from one country to another. | bilateral aid |
| the spread of desert-like conditions in an area, sometimes caused by human activity. | desertification |
| a UN organization that works to protect children's rights, to make sure the basic needs of children are met and to help children reach their full potential. | UNICEF - United Nations Children's Fund |
| a UN agency that coordinates international health activities and helps governments improve health services. | WHO - World Health Organization |
| a deadly infectious disease common in tropical climates, transmitted to humans by the mosquito. | malaria |
| aid from rich, industrialized countries to poorer, developing countries. | foreign aid |
| Aid to some less-developed country or region that is funded by a number of different governments. | multilateral aid |
| Aid given by one country to another that has certain conditions attached to it. These conditions may include having to buy some or all of a certain product from the country giving the aid. | tied aid |
| The government agency responsible for the coordination and distribution of Canada's foreign aid program. | CIDA – Canadian International Development Agency |
| the % of developed countries GDP that should be given in foreign aid. Set by the UN in 1970 and only met by Sweden, Luxembourg, Norway, the Netherlands and Denmark! | 0.7 percent of a countries GDP |
| This 1994 trade agreement between Canada, the USA and Mexico created the world's largest trading zone. It reduces trade barriers between nations. | NAFTA - North American Free Trade Agreement |
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