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Review
Semester Review for Final
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Magellan | the first explore to circumcise navigate the world and describe it's true size. |
| Columbus | tried to find a faster way to reach Asia instead he found America |
| De Gama | Sailed around the southern tip of Africa and establish an all water rout to India |
| Cortes | Conquered the Aztec empire. |
| Cabot | He traveled to Asia. Claimed Canada for England. Then traveled to Japan Was never seem form again. His voyages were the basis for future English colonies |
| Vespucci | Set out to find a sea rout to Asia. the land he saw was not Asia and was later named "America" After him. |
| Starving time in Jamestown (Date) | They didn't take the time and grow food so when the winter came they had no food to eat so they had to starve during the winter. |
| Colombian Exchange | The transfer of plants animals and diseases between the western and the eastern hemispheres |
| Cash Crops | A crop grown by a farmer to be sold for money rather than personal use |
| Indentured Servant | A person who sold his or her labor in exchange for passage to America. |
| The two physical features that separate the USA from the world | The Atlantic and Pacific Ocean. |
| Compass rose | a circle showing the principal directions printed on a map or chart. |
| Scale | Used to measure the size of an object. |
| Legend or Key | Used to read a map. |
| Appalachian Mountains | A mountain range that stretches from eastern Canada south to Alabama. |
| Fundamental Orders of connecticut | A set of laws that were established in 1639 by a puritan congregation who had settled in the Connecticut valley and expanded the idea of representative government. |
| Mayflower Compact | Ann agreement established by the men who sailed to america on the mayflower,which called for laws for the good of colony and set forth the idea of self-government. |
| Intolerable Acts (and what was most intolerable) | A series of laws enacted by parliament in 1774 to punish Massachusetts colonies for the Boston tea party. |
| William Bradford | William Bradford was an English Separatist leader in Leiden, Holland and in Plymouth Colony. He was a signatory to the Mayflower Compact and served as Plymouth Colony Governor five times covering about thirty years between 1621 and 1657. |
| John Smith | If you will not work you won't eat. |
| Representative Government | You chose who represents you and your choices. |
| Great Migration | The puritans fled England to America. |
| Quartering Act | Colonist were forced to house British troops. |
| Stamp Act | an act of the British Parliament in 1756 that exacted revenue from the American colonies by imposing a stamp duty on newspapers and legal and commercial documents. |
| Townsend Act | The Townshend Acts were a series of acts passed beginning in 1767 by the Parliament of Great Britain relating to the British colonies in North America. The acts are named after Charles Townshend, the Chancellor of the Exchequer |
| Sugar Act | The Sugar Act, also known as the American Revenue Act or the American Duties Act, was a revenue-raising act passed by the Parliament of Great Britain on April 5, 1764 |
| Tea Act | The Tea Act was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain. Its principal overt objective was to reduce the massive surplus of tea held by the financially troubled British |
| Navigation Acts | The English Navigation Acts were a series of laws that restricted the use of foreign shipping for trade between England and its colonies, a process which had started in 1651. |
| Founding of Pennsylvania | William Penn was given the land in place of a debt. |
| Founding of New York | 1624 organically called New Amsterdam |
| Founding of Georgia | Georgia was founded in 1733 by a man named James Oglethorpe |
| Thomas Paine | wrote the pamphlet common sense to get america to leave the British rule. |
| Enlightenment (including key people) | a European intellectual movement emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition. Descartes, Locke, and Newton, and its prominent exponents include Kant, Goethe, Voltaire, Rousseau, and Adam Smith. |
| Great Awakening (including key people) | The term Great Awakening is used to refer to several periods of religious revival in American religious history. |
| Proclamation of 1763 and why it upset the colonist so much | When they had accomplished that, they came up with the Proclamation of 1763, which denied the French and the Americans from settling in the Appalachian Mountains. Needless to say, the colonists were very unhappy with the British tyranny. |
| Boston Massacre | The Boston Massacre, known as the Incident on King Street by the British, was an incident on March 5, 1770, in which British Army soldiers killed five civilian men and injured six others |
| Boston Tea Party | demonstration (1773) by citizens of Boston who (disguised as Indians) raided three British ships in Boston harbor and dumped hundreds of chests of tea into the harbor; organized as a protest against taxes on tea |
| Taxation without representation | "No taxation without representation" is a slogan originating during the 1750s and 1760s that summarized a primary grievance of the British colonists hardy in the Thirteen Colonies, which was one of the major causes of the American Revolution |
| Key grievances against King George III | He refused to sign laws that our colonial legislature passed, which we really needed. He wouldn't let his colonial governors here sign them for him or enforce those laws anyway. He hasn't made it so that we can be represented in Parliament. |
| George Washington | George Washington was the first President of the United States, the commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States |
| Benedict Arnold | A tratior |
| Nathanael Green | Nathanael Greene was a major general of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War, known for his successful command in the Southern Campaign, forcing British general Charles Cornwallis to abandon the Carolinas and head for Virginia. |
| Patrick Henry | Henry: a leader of the American Revolution and a famous orator who spoke out against British rule of the American colonies (1736-1799) |
| Reasons why the Americans won the Revolutionary war (advantages) | We knew the land very well, we had a purpose, and we had Frances help. |
| Advantages of the British in the revolutionary war | They had more men to fight, better weapons, and better military academies. |
| Battle of Lexington and concord (and the date) | April 19, 1775. About 700 British Army regulars, under Lieutenant Colonel Francis Smith, were given secret orders to capture and destroy military supplies that were reportedly stored by the Massachusetts militia at Concord. |
| Battle of Saratoga (and the date) | October 7, 1777 the turning point of the war. |
| Battle of Yorktown(and the date) | October 19, 1781 Battle of Yorktown, was a decisive victory where they American won over the British. |
| Winter at Valley Forge (and the date) | Washington and his troops spent the winter at valley forge thinking there was food and housing but there was none 1777-8 |
| Treaty of Paris 1763 | France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement, after Britain's victory over France and Spain during the Seven Years' War. |
| Treaty of Paris 1783 | The Treaty of Paris, signed on September 3, 1783, ended the American Revolutionary War between Great Britain on one side and the United States of America and its allies on the other |
| Strategy | A plan |
| Marquis de Lafayette | Washington's right hand man helped with the revolution |
| Baron von Steuben | taught us armies how to use bannonets |
| Bernardo de Galves | Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid, Viscount of Galveston and Count of Gálvez was a Spanish military leader and colonial administrator who served as colonial governor of Louisiana and Cuba, and later as Viceroy of New Spain |
| Northwest Ordinance | The Northwest Ordinance was an act of the Congress of the Confederation of the United States, passed July 13, 1787 |
| Land Ordinance | Over three-fourths of the area of the continental United States ultimately came under the rectangular survey |
| Northwest Territory | The Territory Northwest of the River Ohio, more commonly known as the Northwest Territory, was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from July 13, 1787, until March 1, 1803, |
| Magna Carta (Date) | the royal charter of political rights given to rebellious English barons by King John in 1215 |
| Alien and Sedition Acts | The Alien and Sedition Acts were four bills passed in 1798 by the Federalists in the 5th United States Congress in the aftermath of the French Revolution and during an undeclared naval war with France, later known as the Quasi-War |
| Thomas Jefferson | helped write the us Constitution. |
| James Madison | Madison: 4th President of the United States; member of the Continental Congress and rapporteur at the Constitutional Convention in 1776; helped frame the Bill of Rights |
| John Adams | 2nd president of the US |
| Federalism | Federalism is a system based upon democratic rules and institutions in which the power to govern is shared between national and provincial/state governments, creating what is often called a federation. |
| Constitutional Convention (including the location) | Pennsylvanian they decided what they were going to do for the government |
| Individual rights | the rights you are given it the bill of rights |
| Popular Sovereignty | Popular sovereignty or the sovereignty of the people is the principle that the authority of the government is created and sustained by the consent of its people, or elected representatives, who are the source of all political power |
| Republicanism | OF the people for the people |
| Separation of Powers | they separated the powers so no one gets to much power 3 branches |
| Minuteman | armies that could be ready at a minutes notice |
| Loyalist | people who were loyal to Britain |
| Writs of Assistance | A writ of assistance is a written order issued by a court instructing a law enforcement official, such as a sheriff or a tax collector, to perform a certain task. |
| Presidential Cabinet | People who help the president |
| Federal Judiciary Act | Helped create the three different branches |
| Hamilton’s Financial Plan | A plan to get the US out of debt. |
| English Bill of Rights (Date) | 1689 |
| Jamestown Established (Date) | 1607 |
| Plymouth Established (Date) | 1620 |
| French and Indian War (Date) | 1754-1763 |
| Declaration of Independence (Date) | July 4, 1776 |
| Articles of Confederation (Date) | 1777 |
| US Constitution written (Date) | 1775 |
| What were the key crops and economics for the various regions of the 13 colonies? | Fishing (especially codfish) was most important to the New England economy, though whaling, trapping, shipbuilding, and logging were important also. Eventually, many New England shippers grew wealthy buying slaves from West Africa in return for rum. |
| What were strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? | strengths declare war weakness couldn't make states pay more taxes |
| Compare and contrast the Virginia and New Jersey plans | Virginia wanted stronger gov. while New Jersey wanted weaker gov. NJ=1 house Virginia+2 houses |
| What was the 3/5ths Compromise? | Every slave would be counted as 3/5 of one person. |
| Key people and views of Federalists and Anti-Federalists | Anti Samuel Adams weak government feds John Handcock strong government |
| Key aspects of the first 19 Amendments | The bill of right protects us from to much government power. |
| Compare and contrast the challenges of the presidencies of Washington and Adams | Washington had to rebuild the entire country and Adams had to get out of debt. |
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m0503669
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