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The Slave System
AP US History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cotton Gin | High demand for labor, any possibility of slavery being abolished was gone |
| North depended on slavery? | Gained large profits from loading large amounts of cotton and transporting them to England |
| The world dependent on American cotton? | Half of American export was cotton, the supplied half the world |
| South's "economic weapon" | With GB dependent on American cotton, South thought they could potentially use there help in a civil war |
| antebellum | before the civil war |
| How was the South more oligarchy than democracy antebellum | The minority of families owned a lot of slaves and they made up the social and political leadership |
| oligarchy | heavy influence from planter aristocracy |
| Why did even poor whites support the slave system | they saw it as the American dream, they had high hopes to own one, one day and they were still racist |
| How were free blacks treated in the south? | Many owned property, some owned slaves. Treated as a 3rd race, couldn't have certain jobs, couldn't testify against whites. Potential to get kidnapped |
| How were free blacks treated in the north? | weren't allowed to live in some states, denied the right to vote, some denied schooling, hated by immigrants |
| Slave as "investments" | Slaves more expensive and they were property so they saved the dangerous jobs for the Irish immigrants |
| "Sold down the river?" | Slaves from Old South were sold to the cotton front because high demand for labor |
| American Colonization Society (ACS) | Focused on transporting blacks back to Africa, Republic of Liberia was land for them |
| Second Great Awakening | Leads people to believe slavery was bad because it was a sin |
| Beecher family in Ohio | they preached the antislavery gospel |
| The Liberator | Written by Lloyd Garrison, antislavery newspaper that sparked tension in civil war |
| Garrison's actions | Burned the constitution, demanded that North be separate from the South |
| Southern justification for slavery | Said it was supported by the bible, said they took Africans out of barbarian life in the jungle to civilized Christian life |
| Southern argue that slavery is better then North paid workers | Slaves worked in fresh air and sunlight, not in dark and stuffy factories. Slaves didn't have to worry about unemployment, and they were cared for in old age |
| Whigs vs. Democrats were a good balance until 1840s | Kept the bond of national unity with support from North and South |
| popular sovereignty | the people of their territory should decide if their a free or slave |
| Free Soil Party | they want to try to stop slavery from moving westward because they didn't want to slaves taking their jobs, still racist |
| Underground Railroad | chain of antislavery homes where slaves could stay as they traveled along to the free Canada |
| Henry Clay's Compromise of 1850 | California enters as a free state, New Mexico and Utah become a slave state (popular sovereignty), Slave trade was abolished |
| New Fugitive Slave Law | Runaways couldn't testify for themselves and weren't allowed trial by jury. If North helped them run away they got heavy fines, jail sentences, and forced to catch runaways |
| Why was the South interested in Central America? | They wanted new slave territory |
| How does the South see Cuba? | saw it sugar-rich, populated w/ already many slaves, wanted to make it into several slave states to restore political balance |
| Ostend Manifesto | Made an offer for Cuba |
| Transcontinental Railroad | North and South want it because it would bring wealth, population, and influence |
| Gadsden Purchase | a negotiation treaty for the best railroad route |
| The Canning of Charles Sumer | He was a leading abolitionist, made a speech against slavery and South Carolina, Brooks from SC beat Sumner unconscious (south rewarded him) |
| Nativists | old-stock Protestants, anti-slavery and anti-catholic |
| Dred Scott case | A black slave from birth, lived free for 5 years and sued for freedom |
| Result of Dred Scott case | He was black slave, not a citizen, 5th amendment says people are entitled to their own property, deemed Missouri Compromise unconstitutional because it does away w/ peoples property rights |
| Panic of 1857 | In pour of California gold caused inflammation |
| South's false confidence | Cotton prices were high, North suffered from the Panic of 1857 |
| John Brown plan | to invade the South secretly and call of the slaves to rise, it was a fail the slaves didn't rise and innocent people were killed |
| Freeport Doctrine | Lincoln said popular sovereignty didn't work because of the outcome of the Dred Scott case (people can bring their property anywhere) |
| Douglas response to Freeport Doctrine | Said laws to protect slavery would have to be passed by the territory, no matter how the Supreme Court ruled |
| Crittenden's compromise proposal | Slavery north of 36'30 wasn't allowed, but the south would be given federal protected, and future states could have popular sovereignty |
| The principles of 1776 that justified seceding? | they South believed they could secede because America broke away from Britain |
| Nat Turners rebellion | Black preacher led an uprising that killed 60 Virginians |
| Kansas Nebraska Act | due to popular sovereignty they wanted to make Kanas a slave state and Nebraska a free state,violated Missouri Compromise because Kansas was above the 36'30 line, north was upset and the ignored the New fugitive slave law |
| Uncle Tom's Cabin | sparked sectional tension, condemning slavery with religion |
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