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Chapter 24
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| new imperialism | Extension and strengthening of European colonial rule, mainly in Africa and Asia, from approximately 1870 to 1914. |
| Leopold II | Belgian king who established personal rule over a large part of central Africa |
| Cecil Rhodes | British businessman and colonial official who made a fortune in diamonds and was prime minister of Cape Colony in Africa |
| David Livingstone | Scottish missionary, explorer of Africa, and discoverer of Victoria Falls |
| Rudyard Kipling | English writer and poet, born in India, best known for his adventure stories, which often took place in exotic colonial locations |
| white mans burden | Phrase taken from a poem by Rudyard Kipling urging Americans-but implicitly all "white men"- to spread western civilization |
| manifest destiny | North American ideology that saw the extension of the united States to the Pacific Ocean as fulfillment of a divine plan |
| paternalism | Attitude toward or control of one group (here, colonialized people) by another (here, Europeans) that resembles a father's rule over his children |
| malaria | Infectious parasitic disease transmitted by mosquitoes, particularly widespread in tropical areas but preventable by constant doses of quinine |
| settler colonies | Colonies inhabited by settlers of European origin, always located in temperate regions such as North America, Australia, and South America |
| African National Congress | Organization established by Africans in 1912 to defend their rights that eventually brought a more democratic order to South Africa |
| Joseph Conrad | English writer of Polish origin whose novels such as Heart of Darkness and Lord Jim often examined morality of colonialism. |
| Berlin Conference | Meeting in Berlin of the United States and European powers in 1884 that regulated European trade and imperial control in Africa. |
| German Colonial Union | Political pressure group formed in 1882 to press the German government to seek overseas colonies |
| Herero Revolt | Rebellion against colonial rule in German Southwest Africa followed by a German massacre of the Herero people in 1905-1907 |
| genocide | Attempt to kill an entire people or nation |
| Boer War | Conflict between the British Empire and Dutch settlers in South Africa from 1899 to 1902 ending in a costly British victory |
| subcontinent | British India, including present-day Pakistan and Bangladesh |
| Mughal Empire | Muslim empire in India lasting from 1526 to 1857 |
| Sepoy Rebellion | Revolt of Indian soldiers (sepoys) in northern India in 1857-1858, put down with brutality by the British |
| monotheism | Belief in the existence of only one God |
| Raj | British Empire in India |
| Indian National Congress | Organization formed in 1885 demanding the end of colonial rule in India |
| gendering | Considering certain peoples or activities intrinsically linked with the male or female gender, in the latter case often with a negative connotation |
| Mohandas Ghandi | Indian political and spiritual leader who fought for Indian independence and emphasized nonviolent struggle |
| deindustrialization | Process of reducing the level of industry in a country, generally in colonized regions, especially India |
| Arab nationalism | Movement beginning in late nineteenth century declaring that all Arabs constitute one nation and should be liberated from foreign rule |
| Indochina | Region in Southeast Asia under French colonial rule in the later nineteenth century, today Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia |
| Qing Dynasty | Ruling house of China from 1644 to 1912, also known as Manchus |
| Opium Wars | Conflict between Britain and China from 1839 to 1842 that ended in Chinese defeat |
| Sun Yatsen | Chinese physician and political leader who aimed to transform China with patriotic, democratic, and economically progressive reforms |
| Boxer Rebellion | Antiforeign revolt in China in 1898-1900 |
| Matthew Perry | American naval officer who in 1854 persuaded the Japanese government to allow American trade with previously closed-off Japan |
| Meiji Restoration | Reform of Japanese politics and economy under Emperor Meiji |
| Russo-Japanese War | Conflict in 1904-1905 that began with a Japanese surprise attack on Russian naval base and ended in Russian defeat |
| Russian Revolution of 1905 | Insurrection in Russia set off by military defeats in the Russo-Japanese War that forced political concessions from Tsar Nicholas II |
| Tsar Nicholas II | Russian emperor and cousin by marriage of Kaiser William II, killed by the Bolsheviks in 1918, after the Russian Revolution |
| Vladimir Lenin | Russian Marxist revolutionary and leader of the Bolsheviks |
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