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Review-Standards 1-2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 13th amendment | abolished slavery (freed the slaves) |
| 14th amendment | gave African-Americans citizenship and equal protection under the law |
| 15th amendment | allowed African-Americans the right to vote (male citizens of all races) |
| Black Codes | Laws that denied African-Americans many civil rights during Reconstruction. |
| carpetbaggers | White Northerners in the South after the Civil War seeking private gain under the Reconstruction governments. |
| Freedmen's Bureau | Federal agency that provided schools, hospitals, medical care, etc. to newly freed slaves. |
| Jim Crow Laws | Laws passed in the South after Reconstruction enforcing segregation. |
| scalawags | White Southerners who supported the Reconstruction governments after the Civil War often for private gain. |
| segregation | separation of people of different races |
| sharecropping | system of farming in which farmers rent land and pay the landowner with a share of the crops they raise |
| Battle of Little Big Horn | Native American victory over United States soldiers, led to the United States becoming tougher on Native Americans aka Custer's Last Stand |
| cattle drive | A way cowboys moved large herds of cattle from ranches in Texas north to towns along the railroads in the late 1800s. |
| exodusters | African-American pioneers who fled the South to farm on the Great Plains. |
| Homestead Act | Law offering free land to people willing to start new farms on the Great Plains, signed in 1862 (160 acres) |
| pioneer | an early settler of a region |
| Ranch | A large farm, especially in the western United States, on which large herds of cattle, sheep, or horses are raised. |
| range wars | fights between farmers and ranchers over land |
| reservations | Land set aside by the government for Native Americans - they were forced to move there. |
| sodbusters | nickname for Great Plains farmers because they had to cut through sod to reach the fertile ground underneath. |
| technology | use of new ideas to make tools that improve people's lives |
| transcontinental railroad | a railroad built to connect the East Coast to the West Coast |
| Wounded Knee | Last major conflict between Native Americans and the United States army - accidental discharge of a weapon led to a panic and the Army opened fire, massacring nearly all the Native Americans there |
Created by:
mrsgannon
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