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APUSHch20&21
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| fort sumter | controlled by union, but when north tried to send food, south attacked and fort surrendered |
| southern response | virginia, arkansas, north carolina and tennessee joined south |
| border states | missouri kentucky maryland delaware west virginia |
| the trent affair | the north forcibly took 2 confederate diplomats off british ship, but britain threatened war so lincoln released them |
| laird rams | britain built ramming ships to give to south but north threatened to attack canada so the ships were never delivered |
| Maxamilian | sent to rule mexico from france |
| confederate president Jefferson Davis | not very successful, south not always united |
| Lincoln | not always popular, flexible, patient, able to bend rules |
| northern army | north had volunteer army until 1860s then draft, but could pay 300$ to get out of army |
| irish americans | started draft riots in nyc |
| southern army | slave owners of at least 20 slaves didn't have to fight |
| 200,000 | deserters on both sides |
| womens role | 33% of factory workers were women, at least 400 women posed as men to fight in war |
| Clara Barton | developed nursing profession during war |
| morrill Tariff act | high tarriffs in the north |
| bonds | loans citizens make to governmetn (raised over 2 billion) |
| battle of bull run (1861) virginia | union troops ran away as spectators watched |
| peninsula campaign (1861) | northern army branch that fought near DC |
| General George Mcclellan | in charge of peninsula campaign, overly cautious, tried to attack richmond, stalled and forced to retreat |
| northern strategy rule 1 | blockade the south |
| rule 2 | liberate the slaves in the south only |
| rule 3 | seize the mississippi river |
| rule 4 | attack the south in several different places |
| rule 5 | take control of richmond VA |
| rule 6 | force south into submission |
| merrimack vs monitor | south tried to destroy blockade by building an iron ship called merrimack, north built the the monitor to fight merrimack, ships battled to a draw, but merrimack not successful in destroying blockade |
| second battle of bull run (1862) | robert e lee attacked and defeated north, marched into border state maryland |
| antietam (1862) | bloodiest day of war, battle was a draw but north stopped southern advances |
| emancipation proclamation (1863) | all slaves in south declared free, not legal but changes purpose and character of war |
| chancellorsville (1863) | south defeated north but stonewall jackson was killed |
| gettysburg | 3 day battle in pennsylvania south lost |
| ulysses s grant | became general of northern army in the west |
| vicksburd mississippi 1863 | most successful battle for north, able to take control of mississippi river |
| william t sherman | northern general in change of destroying georgia, burned down atlanta, tore apart railroad (did same in SC) |
| the union party | war democrats joined republicans create new party |
| peace democrats and copper heads | opposed lincoln |
| andrew johnson | lincoln chose him as VP, earning him extra votes -democrat from tenn. who had been a slaveowner |
| democratic nomination | general mcclellan |
| the wilderness campaign | grant attacked lee in virginia , campaign lasted several months grant chad high northern casualites but refused to stop until war ended |
| appomattox april 1865 | grant conquered lee at courthouse in virginia, lee surrendered |
| john wilkes booth | assasinated lincoln in a theater 5 days after south surrenders |
| 600,000 | killed in war |
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