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Terms and Names
Chapter 1 Sections 1-4
| Chapter 1 Terms and Names | Definitions |
|---|---|
| Nomadic | Moving from place to place in search of food |
| Aztec | Settled in the Valley of Mexico in the 1200s and developed a sophisticated civilization |
| Anasazi | North American group who intriduced crops into the arid deserts of the southwest |
| Pueblo | A descendent tribe of the Anasazi and Hohokam who lived in multi-story houses made of stone and adobe, and grew maize, beans, melons, and squash |
| Iroquois | A tribe from the northwest who hunted fish and game, such as wild turkeys, dear, and bear. |
| Benin | Members of a forest kingdom along the southern coast who dominated a large region around the Niger Delta. |
| Kongo | A kingdom who rose to power on the lower Congo (Zaire) River in West Central Africa |
| Islam | A monotheistic religion founded in Arabia in 622 by the prophet Mohamma |
| Christianity | A religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus |
| Reformation | A movement to change church practices and to challenge the authoriy of the pope |
| Renaissance | A cultural awakening in Europe during the 1400s, a term meaning "rebirth" of the kind of interest in the physical world that had characterized ancient Greece and Rome |
| Christopher Columbus | An Italian mariner who set out on August 3, 1942 on an expedition to find a route to Asia by sailing west across the Atlantic Ocean |
| Taino | A group of people Christopher Columbus encountered when he reached land in October of 1492; a name meaning "noble ones" |
| Treaty of Tordesillas | In 1494, Spain and Portugal signed the treaty in an agreement to divide the Western Hemisphere between them |
| Columbian Exchange | Trade from the Americas to Europe and Africa where they brought back livestock, grains, fruit, and coffee |
| Conquistador | Spanish explorers who were lured by the prospect of vast lands filled with gold and silver; they conquered much of the Americas |
| Hernando Cortes | Landing in Mexico 1519, he learned the vast and wealthy Aztec empire in the region's interior |
| Montezuma | An Aztec emperor who agreed to give Hernando Cortes a share of the empires existing supply |
| Mestizo | A person of mixed Spanish and Native American heritage |
| Enconmienda | A labor system in which natives famed, ranched or mined for Spanish landlords, who received the rights to their labor from Spanish authorities |
| New Spain | In 1532, it included Mexico and what is now Guatemala |
| New Mexico | 1609-1610 Spain's northern holdings controlled by Pedro Peralta |
| John Smith | In 1606, he offered his services as a colonist to the Virginia Company and went on to steer Jamestown through its beginning. |
| Jamestown | In April of 1607, a settlement established up the river leading into the Chesapeake Bay where settlers built a fort |
| Joint-Stock Companies | English colonies were founded by this type of investment, where several investors would pool their wealth in support of a given colony. |
| Indentured Servant | People who came from Europe to North American to work in exchange for payment of their food and passage |
| Puritan | A religious group who felt that the Church of England had too much Catholic ritual and they wanted to purify the church. |
| John Winthrop | A Puritan leader who encouraged Puritans to band together |
| King Philip's War | Spring of 1675 where Native Americans burned outlying settlements throught New England |
| William Penn | King Charles gave a piece of land called "Pennsylvania" to him as remembrance for William's father. |
| Quaker | A protestant sect that held services without formal ministers |
| Mercantilism | A nation could increase its wealth and power by obtaining as much gold and silver as possible or by establishing a favorable balance of trade. |
| Navigation Acts | Laws intented to tighted control of colonial trade |
| Triangular Trade | A transatlantic trading network in which goods and enslaved people were exchanged across the ocean |
| Middle Passage | The middle leg of the transatlantic trade triangle |
| Enlightenment | A time period when philosophers valued reason and scientific methods |
| Benjamin Franklin | A founding father who embraced the ideas of the Enlightenment |
| Great Awakening | A series of religious revivals aimed at restoring the intensity and dedication of the early Puritan church. |
| Jonathan Edwards | A clergy who hoped to revive the fervor of the original Puritan vision |
| French and Indian Wars | 1754 a conflict between the French and British in the colonies |
| William Pitt | A politican who was chosen to run the government of the colony by King George II |
| Pontiac | An Ottawa tribe leader who captured eight British forts in the Ohio Valley |
| Proclamation of 1763 | Established a a Proclamation Line along the Appalachians, which the colonists were not allowed to cross |
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Tillotson
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