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Science Exam
vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Producer | Organism that makes its own food. |
| Omnivore | Consumer that eats both plants and animals. |
| Herbivore | Consumer that eats only producers. |
| Carnivore | Consumer that eats only other consumers. |
| Detritivore | An animal that feeds on dead organic material. |
| Symbiosis | Interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association ,typically to the advantage of both. |
| Commensalism | Relationship between two species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped. |
| Mutualism | A relationship between two species in which both benefit. |
| Parasitism | The relationship between a parasite ant its host. |
| Predation | The act of killing and eating another organism. |
| Species | A group of organisms that are able to reproduce together and that resemble each other in appearance,behavior, and internal structure. |
| Population | A group of individuals of the same species living in a paticular place. |
| Communities | A group of interacting populations of different species. |
| Ecosystem | All living organisms in a certain area as well as their physical environment. |
| Biosphere | The layer around the Earth in which life occurs naturally, extending to about 8 km above the Earth to the deepest part of the ocean which is about 8 km deep. |
| Biotic | The living parts of a ecosystem. |
| Secondary Succession | Pattern of change in a area where an ecosystem has previously existed. |
| Pioneer Species | First organisms to colonize any newly available area and start the process of succession. |
| Abiotic | Nonliving parts of an ecosystem. |
| Primary Succession | Succession that occurs in areas where no ecosystem has existed previously. |
| Trophic Level | A step in the transfer of energy through an ecosystem; the level of a food chain that an organism occupies. |
| Limiting Factors | Those resources that limit the growth of a certain population. |
| Food Chain | The sequence in which energy is transferred from one organism to the next as each organism eats and is eaten by another. |
| Food Web | All of the feeding relationships in an ecosystem. |
| Carrying Capacity | The maximum number of individuals an environment can support for a long period of time. |
| Consumption Crisis | Situation in which natural resources are being used up,wasted,or polluted faster than they can be renewed,replaced,or cleaned up. |
| Emigration | Act of organisms moving out of a population. |
| Immigration | Act of organisms moving into population. |
| Biotic Potential | Rate at which a population would grow if every new individual survived to adulthood and reproduced at its maximum capacity. |
| Agricultural Revolution | Change from a hunting and gathering society to an agricultural society that began about 10,000 years ago. |
| Coal | A combustible black or dark brown rock consisting mainly of carbonized plant matter, found mainly in underground deposits and widely used as fuel. |
| Hydroelectricity | Electricity produced by converting the energy of moving water. |
| Nuclear Fusion | The process in which lightweight atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing huge amounts of energy. |
| Biomass | Organic matter in plants or plant products. |
| Nuclear Fission | Process in which subatomic bonds that bind the components of the atomic nucleus are broken apart, releasing huge amounts of energy. |
| Watershed | Entire area of land that drains into a river. |
| Surface Water | Fresh water found above ground in lakes,ponds,rivers,and streams. |
| Recharge Zone | Area of land on the Earth's surface from which groundwater originates. |
| Aquifer | An underground rock formation that contains water. |
| Reservoir | Artificial lake used to store water,control drainage,and provide recreation. |
| Nonpoint Pollution | Pollution that comes from many sources rather than a single specific site,such as pollution that reaches a body of water from streets and storm sewers. |
| Eutrophication | Process that increases the amounts of nutrients,especially nitrogen an phosphorus, in a marine or aquatic ecosystem. |
| Pathogen | Disease-causing organisms,such as bacteria,viruses,and parasites. |
| Desalinization | Process in which salt is removed from salt water,as from the oceans,rendering the water fit for drinking and cooking. |
| Bioaccumulation | Accumulation of larger amounts of a toxin within the tissues of organisms at each successive trophic level. |
| Overgrazing | Damage to a grassland caused by too many animals eating in a limited area so that the grass cannot recover. |
| Reclamation | The process of restoring land to the condition it was in before mining operations began. |
| Wilderness Area | Designed area in its natural state where the land and the ecosystems it supports are protected. |
| Selective Cutting | Method of harvesting only middle-aged or mature trees individually or in small groups. |
| Deforestation | Clearing trees from an area without replacing them. |
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