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Microbiology
Microbiology - National Boards Part 1
| Front of Card | Back of Card |
|---|---|
| inclusion bodies | bodies present in the nucleus of cytoplasm of certain cells in infection by filtrable viruses |
| Aschoff | Rheumatic fever (extensive = McCallums Patch) |
| Babes Ernst granules | Metachomatic granules seen in diptheria |
| Councilman cells | viral hep |
| epithelioid | Tb |
| guarneri bodies | small pox (variola) |
| Koplik spots | Measles (rubeola) |
| Langerhans | TB |
| Lewy bodies | Parkinson's (paralysis agitans) |
| Mallory bodies | Hepatitis (alcoholics) |
| Negri bodies | Rabies (hydrophobia) |
| Reed Sternberg | Hodgkin's |
| Active immunity | makes own antibodies |
| Active immunity | long term immunity |
| Natural Active Immunity | immunity from being exposed to the disease |
| Artificial Active Immunity | injection of attenuated organism |
| Passive immunity | receives antibodies from someone/something else |
| Natural Passive immunity | immunity from mother to fetus in utero |
| natural passive immunity | immunity from breast feeding |
| passive Artificial immunity | injection of gamma globulin or purified antiserum from animals |
| Antitoxin (artificial passive) | antibody against a toxin |
| antitoxin (artificial passive) | purified antiserum from animals who have been given a toxoid |
| toxoid | modified inactivated bacterial exotoxin that has lost its toxicity |
| exotoxin | toxin outside the cell from cell waste products |
| endotoxin | toxin from lipopolysaccharide layer of cell |
| enterotoxin | toxin that affects the intestine |
| neurotoxin | toxin that affects the nervous system |
| opsonin | stimulates phagocytosis |
| hapten | partial antigen |
| Type 1 Hypersensitivity | Anaphylactic |
| type 2 hypersensitivity | cytotoxic |
| type 3 hypersensitivity | immune complex mediated |
| type IV | delayed hypersensitivity |
| rapidly developing hypersensitivity | type 1 (anaphylactic) |
| bee sting, asthma attack | type 1 (anaphylactic) |
| transfusion reaction | type 2 (cytotoxic) |
| Goodpasteur's syndrome = coomb's anemia (lungs and kidney) | type 2 (cytotoxic) |
| glmerulonephritis, RA, Lupus | type 3 (immune complex mediated) |
| Arthus reaction = local reaction | type 3 (immune complex mediated) |
| serum sickness = systemic | type 3 (immune complex mediated) |
| TB, transplants, graft rejection, contact dermatitis | type 4 (delayed hypersensitivity) |
| autotroph | oxidizes inorganic matter for energy |
| heterotroph | requires organic matter for energy |
| saprophyte | nutrition from dead decaying matter for energy |
| parasite | feeds on living matter for energy |
| pathogens | parasites that cause disease |
| facultative | can function in presence or absence of O2 |
| fermentation | anaerobic decomposition of CHO to alcohol odors |
| symbiosis | 2 populations living together - one or both benefit |
| mutualism | 2 populations living together - both benefit |
| synergism | 2 populations living together - both benefit & accomplish what neither can do alone |
| commensalism | 2 populations living together - one benefits, the other is unaffected |
| ASO titre | Anitstreptolysin O titre. Test for strep antibodies. Rheumatic fever |
| Bile solubility | Pneumococci vs Alpha hemolytic strep viridans |
| Bordet Gengou Phenomenon | aka Complement Fixation |
| Catalase | staph vs strep |
| coagulase | staph aureus vs other stap |
| complement fixation | hemolysis means presence of complement |
| coliform | used to check for e. coli in water purification |
| coombs | tests antigens on RBCs |
| coombs | erythroblastosis fetalis - Rh factor |
| Dick | susceptibility to scarlet fever |
| Schultz carlton reaction | antitoxin reaction to scarlet fever |
| Schick | immunity to diptheria |
| Giemsa stain | for protozoa |
| phosphatase | to determine if milk pasteurization was adequate. Phosphatase is destroyed if pasteurization was properly accomplished. |
| Paul Bunnel | test for mononucleosis |
| quellung reaction | strep pneumoniae |
| Weil Felix | for rickettsia. typhus |
| Widal | typhoid fever test |
| syphilis tests | kline kahn wasserman TPI VDRL Darkfield |
| tuberculosis tests | mantoux, tine, acid fast=ziehl nielson stain, BCG=TB vaccine (Bacillus calmette guerin) |
| mononucleosis tests | paul bunnell, monospot, hereophile, antibody, downey cell |
| holding pasteurization method | 145 degrees for 30 seconds |
| flash pasteurization method | 161 degrees for 15 seconds |
| flash pasteurization method AKA | High Temp Short Time |
| most common pasteurization method | flash AKA HTST |
| ultrahigh pasteurization method | 191 degrees for 2-5 seconds |
| blue pus indicates | pseudomones aeruginosa -open burn infection, fluorescence |
| yellow pus indicates | staph aureus infection |
| red pus indicates | serratia marcescens infection |
| sulfa drugs for | gram negative, competes w/PABA |
| streptomycin for | gram negative, inhibits protein synthesis |
| penicillin for | gram negative, inhibits cell wall synthesis |
| tetracycline for | gram negative and positive, inhibits protein synthesis |
| tetracycline side effect | turns teeth gray or yellow brown |
| Burnet/metchinkoff | developed humoral theory of immune response |
| Erlich | magic bullet=sulfa drugs; discovered penicillin |
| Flemming | discovered penicillin |
| Iwanowski | discovered virus |
| Jenner | developed small pox vaccine |
| Koch | proved bacteria causes disease, Koch's postulates |
| Lancefield, Rebecca | classified streptococcus |
| Leewenhoek | developed first microscope, saw microorganisms |
| Lister | antisepsis |
| Pateaur | pasteurization of wine then milk, germ theory |
| Reed, Walter | yellow fever |
| Sabin | live polio vaccine given orally (Sabin your life) |
| Salk | dead polio vacine given by injection before Sabin |
| Semmelweiss | persecuted for idea of washing hands after autopsy and childbirth, puerperal fever |
| Semmelweiss | responsible for significantly reducing the maternal mortality rate |
| Colony Variation | R = rough, S = smooth, M = mucoid capsule forming (related to virulence), H = spreading, O = compact, D = dwarf |
| Gram stain | 1. stain w/ crystal violet 2. use iodine as a mordant (fixer) 3. wash w/ acetone or ethanol 4. use saffarin (counter stain) |
| washing gram stain with alcohol does | removes blue from thin walled bacteria |
| gram + color | blue |
| gram - color | red |
| gram + have darker stain | gram + have a thicker cell wall |
| Thayer Martin stain | chocolate agar (heated blood agar) |
| Mannitol salt stain | staphylococcus |
| Sabourand stain | Fungi/mycosis |
| Acid fast stain | Mycobacterium |
| Glemsa stain | protozoans/parasites |
| MacConkey Agar | differentiates e. coli from salmonella via lactose fermentation |
| salmonella and e. coli both test | gram - |
| CDC | center for disease control. compiles stats on morbidity, keeps track of epidemics, home in atlanta, ga |
| FDA | responsible for safety in health products, restricts product misrepresentation in health promotion and advertising |
| HHS | Department of Health and Human Services, controls FDA, CDC, and USPHS (US public health service) |
| HSA | Health Services administration, US health care agency, provides healthcare to migratory and rural underserved populations, OSHA is a part of this |
| NIH | National Institute of Health, responsible for financing, funding and research of various diseases, Bethesda, MD |
| OSHA | occupation Safety and Health Administration, makes reules concerning occupational toxicity levels of hazardous materials, responsible to HSA. |
| USDA | US Dept. of Agriculture, responsible for milk and milk products |
| Epidemic | repidly affects many persons in a certain area within a few days or weeks |
| endemic | a small number of cases in a specific location present all of the time |
| pandemic | causes more than the expected number of cases of a disease on a worldwide basis |
| prevalence | the number of people with disease that occurs at a certain time in a designated area |
| incidence | frequency of occurence over a period of time, the number of new cases of a disease |
| leading cause of death in infants | respiratory infection |
| #2 cause of death in infants | poison (aspirin is main cause) |
| leading cause of death from 1-35 | accidents |
| leading cause of death in adults | heart disease |
| #2 cause of death in adults | cancer |
| #2 cause of death in adults | accidents |
| water purification process | 1. filtration 2. flocculation 3. sedimentation 4. sludge digestion 5. sand filtration 6. aeration 7. chorination 8. possible fluorination |
| filtration | screens for large materials |
| flocculation | chemical coagulation & addition of precipitates such as aluminum |
| sludge digestion | addition of anaerobic bacteria |
| sand filtration | removes anaerobic bacteria |
| aeration | adds oxygen to water to improve color and taste and kills remaining anaerobic bacteria |
| chlorination | kills all bacteria |
| viral diseases with skin reactions | vaccinia, varicella, variola, rubeola, rubella, herpes simplex, herpes zoster |
| vaccinia | cow pox |
| varicella | chicken pox, herpes zoster AKA shingles, giant multinucleated cells |
| variola | small pox, guarneri bodies |
| rubeola | regular measles, red measles, kiplik spots on buccal mucosa |
| rubella | german measles (birth defects) most susceptible in 1st trimester |
| herpes simplex | fever blister (cold sores) genital herpes |
| herpes zoster | shingles from DRG - follows nerve |
| viral diseases with respiratory reactions | psittiacosis, rhinovirus, mono, mumps, influenza, adenovirus |
| psittacosis | parrot fever (lower respiratory tract) |
| rhinovirus | common cold |
| mono | epstein barr virus, paul bunnell, monospot, heretophile antibody, downey cell |
| mumps | parotitis, secondary orchitis, sidomegalic paramyxoid virus |
| influenza | flu, pneumonia |
| adenovirus | causes conjunctivitis, pharyngitis |
| viral diseases with enteric reactions | coxsackle, echovirus, polio |
| coxsackle | childhood dysentery, hand, foot & mouth disease |
| echovirus | skin rash, heart disease |
| polio | bulbar type produces respiratory paralysis & is the major cause of death from polio, carried by water; afects anterior horn |
| rabies | RNA virus, rhabdo birus, negri bodies int he brain, hydrophobic |
| hepatitis A | oral/fecal trasmission |
| hepatitis B | sexual transmission or taking blood in the lab |
| heptatisis C | from transfusions (non A non B) |
| AIDS | retro virus: reverse transcriptase makes DNA from RNA, attacks T helper cells, patients suscpetible to: pneumocystic carinii, nocardia asteroides, guardia lamblia, kaposi sarcoma |
| abroviruses (arthropod borne viruses) | western equine encephalitis, eastern equine encephalitis, st. louis equine encephalitis, yellow fever, dengue fever |
| western equine encephalitis | mostquito carrier |
| eastern equine encephalitis | mosquito carrier |
| st. louis equine encephalitis | mosquito carrier |
| yellow fever | aedes agypti, walter reed, viscerotropic virus |
| dengue fever | mostquito carrier, 1st symptoms = arthralgia |
Created by:
melaniecarr23
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