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Government
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| political party | organized group that seeks to control government throughout the winning of elections and the holding of public office |
| major party | a dominant group in a governmental system |
| coalition | a union of persons or groups of diverse interests; alliance of parties for the purpose of forming of government |
| two-party system | political setup in which the candidates of only two groups have a reasonable chance of winning elections |
| minor party | one of the less widely supported political parties in a governmental system |
| single-memeber district | electoral district from which one person is chosen by the voters for each office one the ballot |
| plurality | in an election, at least one more vote than that received by any other candidate; may or may not be a majority of the total vote |
| pluralistic society | one consisting of several distinct cultures and group |
| consensus | general agreement among various groups on fundamental matters |
| multiparty system | political setup in which three or more major group compete for office |
| one-party system | political set up in which only one group exists or in which only one group has reasonable chance of winning elections |
| electorate | all of the persons entitled to vote in a given election |
| ideological party | political group based on a particular se of beliefs, a comprehensive view of social, economic and political matters |
| single-issue parties | political group that concentrates on one public policy trouble |
| economy protest parties | political groups rooted in periods of discontent |
| splinter parties | political groups that has split away from one of the major groups |
| ward | local unit of party organization;also, a district within a city for city council election |
| precinct | the smallest unit of election administration; a local voting district |
| split-ticket voting | voting for candidates of more than one party in the same election |
| suffrage | right to vote |
| franchise | suffrage the right to vote |
| registration | procedure of voter identification intended to prevent fraudulent voting |
| literacy | ability to read and write |
| poll tax | bill paid in some states before a person was allowed to vote |
| gerrymandering | the drawing of electoral district lines to the advantage of a party or group |
| injunction | court order that requires or forbids some specific action |
| political efficacy | influence of effectiveness in politics the works of government |
| political socialization | complex process by which individuals acquire their attitudes and opinions |
| party identification | persons sense of attachment, loyalty to a political group |
| straight-ticket voting | selection for the candidates of one party in a election |
| independent | voter who does not identify with or regularly support a particular party |
| nomination | process of selection candidates for office |
| general election | regularly scheduled vote out which the otters choose public office holders |
| cancus | a meeting of a group of like-minded persons to select the candidates they will support in an election |
| direct primary | an intrparty nominating election at which those who vote choose a partys candidates to run in the general election |
| closed primary | direct, in which only declared party members may vote |
| open primary | only qualified voter may participate without regard to his/her party allegiance |
| run off primary | involving the two front runner in the first contest;held where election law requires a majority vote for nomination |
| coattail effect | influence that popular candidate for a top office can have on the voters' support for the other candidates of his/her party on the same ballot |
| precinct | the smallest unit of election admission |
| polling place | particular location where those voters who live in a specific area vote in an election |
| ballot | device by which a voter registers a choice in a election |
| politicalaction committee | an arm of a special interest group that seeks to influence elections and public policy office |
| public opinion | those attitudes shared by a significant number of persons on matters of government and politics |
| opinion leader | any per on who has a more than usual influence on the view of others |
| mandate | the instructions or commands a constituency gives to its elected officials concerning policies |
| interest groups | private organization that tries to influence public policy |
| public opinion poll | a formal survey of the peoples attitudes |
| straw vote | unscientific measurement of public opinion; usually asking the same question of a large number of people |
| sample | in scientific polling, a small number of people chosen as a representative cross-section of the total population to the surveyed |
| random sample | in scientific polling, a sample to be interviewed drawn suck that each member of the population has an equal chance to be included in it |
| quota sample | in scientific polling, a group chosen to be interviewed in which the members of each of the polulation has an equal chance to be included in it |
| medium | a means of transmitting information |
| mass media | communication that reach large audiences |
| sound bite | short, sharply focused television news reports |
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