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content vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| latitude | lines that measure distance north and south of the equator |
| longitude | lines that measure distance east and west of the prime meridian |
| intermediate directions | north, south, east , west |
| physical map | shows the natural features of a part of earth's surface |
| political map | shows countries, states, cities or other political divisions |
| scale | shows the relative size of things on a map in comparison to the real place |
| globe | model of the earth |
| equator | imaginary line around the earth halfway between the poles at zero degrees latitude |
| hemisphere | the two halves of the earth |
| prime meridian | meridian at zero degrees which longitude is measured |
| delta | land at the mouth of a river made of silt which the river has deposited |
| glacier | a large sheet of ice that moves very slowy across land |
| island | land completely surrounded by water |
| isthmus | a narrow strip of land that connects two larger pieces of land and is bordered by water on both sides |
| lake | a body of water completely surrounded by land |
| mountain | a large landform with steep slopes |
| ocean | a large body of salt water |
| river | large stream of water that flows across land |
| strait | narrow strip of water or channel that connects two larger bodies of water |
| tributary | small river or stream that flows into a larger river or stream |
| peninsula | a body of land mostly surrounded by water (3 sides) |
| plateau | a high, flat landfrom that rises steeply above surrounding land |
| basin | a low, bowl shaped landform surrounded by higher land |
| legend | an explanation beneath a photograph |
| plain | large area of flat land |
| archipelago | a group of islands |
| bay | a port of a sea, lake, or ocean that extends into the land |
| sea | a body of water almost fully surrounded by land |
| gulf | part of an ocean or sea that extends into land; larger than a bay |
| unitary | central government has all the power to make laws and decisions for the people |
| confederation | individual states make their own laws and decisions and are loosely aligned to a weak central government |
| federal | power to make laws and decisions for the people is shared between the central government and the states |
| autocracy | country or nation that is governed by a single person with unlimited power |
| oligarchy | a country or nation controlled by a small group of people , usually blood related, that hold the power |
| democracy | a country or nation that receives its power from the people who hold the key to the power |
| cartographer | a map maker |
| nationalism | the love of one's country |
| militarism | using strong armies and threats of war |
| imperialism | the extension by one country of its authority over other lands by political, military or economic means |
| communism | describes a government that owns or controls most farms and businesses |
| facism | a system of government characterized by dictatorship |
| genocide | the planned killing of an entire race |
| armistice | an agreement to stop fighting a war (unofficial end of WW1) |
| monotheism | a belief in one god |
| standard of living | economic level at which you live |
| literacy rate | a person's ability to read or write to an acceptable level |
| presidential democracy | democratic government when citizens elect members of the legislature and chief executive (president) |
| parliamentary democracy | a democratic government where members of parliament are elected by the citizens who then choose the prime minister |
| constitutional monarch | a government in which a king or queen is the head of state with little power, power is limited by the constitution |
| goods | products that can be touched and purchased |
| services | work that is performed by a producer and then paid for by a consumer |
| supply | the amount of product available for sale |
| demand | the desire of people to purchase a product |
| quota | a number limit on imports; a type of trade barrier |
| tariff | a tax (fee) on imports; a type of trade barrier |
| embargo | refusing to trade with another country; |
| free trade | when there are no trade barriers |
| import | products purchased and shipped "in" |
| export | products that are sold and shipped "out" |
| gross domestic product "gdp" | the total dollar amount of all goods and services within a country in one year |
| human resources (human capital) | the people who are needed to make products or perform work (one of the four factors of production) |
| natural resources | the raw materials used to make a product (one of the four factors of production) |
| capital resources | the machines, tools, and equipment a company must purchase in order to make their product (one of the four factors of production) |
| producing | to make |
| distributing | to ship (method of product delivery) |
| consuming | to buy |
| opportunity cost | the fact that you can only use one resource for one thing at a time |
| entrepreneur | a person who starts his/her business, willing to take a risk |
| needs | the things people must have in order to survive: food, water, shelter and clothing |
| wants | the things people desire but do not need to have in order to survive |
| command economy | an economy in which centralized planning groups decide what and how goods will be produced, distributed and consumed |
| market economy | an economy in which changes in price guide what and how goods will be produced, distributed and consumed (no government involvement) |
| traditional economy | an economy in which customs, values and habits of the past decide what and how goods and services are produced , distributed and consumed |
| operating cost | the amount of money needed to run a business |
| scarcity | a limited supply of goods etc... |
| revenue | the total dollar amount a business generates during a year etc... |
| conquistador | an officially sanctioned, but often privatly funded explorer in search of wealth |
| Mestizo | One whose ancestors were both Europeans and Native American |
| Mulatto | One whose ancestors were both European and African |
| Quipui | a system of knotted strings to keep records for the Incan empire |
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