Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chapter 21
Gonorrhea
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What causes gonorrhoea? | Gonorrhoea is caused by Neisseria Gonorrhoeae |
| What are the structural and biological characteristics of Neisseria gonorrhoeae? (5) | This bacteria is Gram-negative, non-spore forming, non-motile, and aerobic. |
| What kind of other diseases can N. Gonorrhoeae cause? | Urethritis (males)and Cervicitis, Pelvic Inflammatory Disease and infertility(females)and ophthalmia neonatorum in infected infants |
| What are the general mode of transmission of N.gonorrhoeae | Transmission is by sexual contact (anal, vaginal, and oral sex) or through vertical transmission |
| Describe the first step in pathogenesis of N.gonorrhoeae? | The gonococci invade non-ciliated epithelial cells, which internalize the bacteria and allow them to multiply within intracellular vacuoles, protected from phagocytes and antibodies. |
| Describe the second step in pathogenesis of N.gonorrhoeae? | The vacuoles then fuse with the basement membrane and discharge their bacterial content into the subepithelial connective tissue. |
| What does ultimately cause the damage to the host? | N.gonorrhoeae does not produce exotoxin, thus damage to the host results from inflammatory responses elecited by the organism (e.g. LOS) |
| What are the important virulence factors of N.gonorhoeae? (7) | Pilus, Por proteins, Opa proteins, LOS, Rmp proteins, IgA protease and capsule. |
| What is the cell/tissue tropism of N.Gonorrhoeae? | It enters the body via the vaginal, urethral, troat or rectum mucosa. It invades non-ciliated epithelial cells. |
| How does N.Gonorrhoeae replicate? | They replicate intracellularly, inside endocytic vesicles |
| What are the immune escape mechanism(s)used by gonorrhoeae? | It has a capsule, antigenic variation of pilus, LOS and Opa, produces IgA protease and attaches sialic acid to its LOS to inhibit complement activation. |
| To which antibiotics is there resistance? | Tetracycline, penicillin and fluoroquinolones |
| How can antibiotic resistance arise? | By selection of resistant mutants produced by spontaneous chromosomal mutations, or it can be acquired from other bacteria by plasmid-mediated transfer or DNA transformation and recombination |
| What are the antibiotic resistance mechanisms? | By alteration of drug targets, restriction of access to bacterial targets, or both and by producing Penicillinase. |
| What are the treatment strategies? | Treated for Gonorrhoea and Chlamydia. Antibiotics are: ceftriaxone (cyclosporins)and doxycline (tetracyclin) |
| What are the prevention strategies? | Prophylactic use of antibiotics does not help. There is no vaccine, however all can be prevented with a condom and less sexual partner. |
Created by:
Beantha
Popular Bacteriology sets