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7 History Ch. 6
Terms of Chapter 6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Patriot | supporter of the Revolution |
| Loyalist | supporter of England |
| Common Sense | pamphlet written by Thomas Paine, urging readers to support Patriots |
| Olive Branch Petition | America's last attempt for peace to repeal the Intolerable Acts |
| Declaration of Independence | document that separated America from Britain, started the war |
| Thomas Jefferson | FF, author of the Declaration of the Independence, of Virginia |
| George Washington | FF, commander of US Continental army, brave and smart, Virginian |
| Battle of Bunker Hill | 1775, Breed's Hill, first major battle of the Revolution |
| Battle of Saratoga | 1777, the first major American victory in the Revolution, which ended the British threat to New England |
| John Burgoyne | English general, surrendered 5,000 men at Saratoga |
| African Americans in the War | British offered them freedom, increased British numbers |
| Charles Cornwallis | British general, surrendered at Yorktown in 1781 |
| Nathaniel Greene | American commander of the Continental Army in the South, of Rhode Island |
| Daniel Morgan | clever American general of Virginia, worked with Greene |
| Battle of Cowpens | 1781, Morgan led Americans to victory, SC, was won to unconventional tactics |
| Battle of Yorktown | 1781, Cornwallis is trapped by Washington and French Navy, surrenders |
| Foreign Aid | French navy, Spaniards (Galvez of Louisiana) |
| Treaty of Paris | 1783, America is independent, extended from Atlantic Ocean to Miss. River. Great Lakes to Florida, Americans agreed to ask the state legislature to pay Loyalists for property they lost in the war, Spain gets Florida back, France did not get Canada back |
| The Green Mountain Boys | led by Ethan Allen, a group of Vermonters who strive for War |
| Patriot advantages during the War | Owned rifles, good shot, brilliant commander, determined to defend their homes |
| British advantages during the War | Highly trained, experienced soldiers, best Navy in the world, many colonists supported the British |
| How did Americans seize control of Boston in March of 1776? | They were returned the cannons the Green Mountain Boys won and set them up at Dorchester Heights and overtook Boston; led by George Washington |
| Blockade | shutting of a port to keep people or supplies from moving in or out |
| Mercenary | troops for hire |
| Radical | someone who tries to make drastic changes |
| Traitor | a person who betrays his or her country |
| The Declaration of Independence | the document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the Colonies from Great Britain |
| Natural Rights | the rights that belong to all people from birth |
| What were the THREE main ideas of the Declaration of Independence? | Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness |
| What THREE major decisions did the Continental Congress make during this time? | Olive Branch Petition, make a Continental Army, declare independence |
| The Battle of Long Island | about 1,400 Americans casualties, Washington was easily defeated by Howe, able to escape from New York to New Jersey 19 |
| The Battle of Trenton | a surprise attack led by Washington on Christmas night, penetrating the Hessian troops, redeeming victory |
| The Battle of Princeton | tricking the British into thinking they were in Trenton, fled to Princeton and attacked from behind |
| The Battle of Brandywine | British snuck around the Americans’ right flank, victoriously attacking, Howe wins to capture Philadelphia |
| Ally | a state formally cooperating with another for a military or other purpose, typically by treaty |
| Washington’s enlistment policy | regarding African Americans. Washington’s enlistment policy was only free African Americans could join |
| Bernardo de Galvez | governor of Louisiana (southwest), Spanish leader that helped the Americans |
| John Paul Jones | Navy captain who captured Serapis at the North Sea |
| Why did British General Clinton focus on the South? | more Loyalists in the South to recruit |
| French on the way | when French are crossing the ocean, Morgan and Greene burn time through splitting army and using guerlilla warfare (cat in mouse) chased by Cornwallis |
| How did geography help the Americans’ strategy? | Americans knew the land, could develop strategies on the geography, especially at the Battle of Cowpens |
| The Battle of Guilford Courthouse | in North Carolina, when Greene and Morgan combine forces against the British,technically it is a British victory, but they lose more men |
| Guerilla tactics | “little war”, using little skirmishes of ambush and snipers instead of organized battle, cat and mouse, hit and run |
| Failure of Britain’s southern strategy | superior generals and guerilla warfare, did not know the land as well as the Americans |
| French help at Yorktown | French army blocks British escape at Yorktown Peninsula, Cornwallis disregarded Clinton, Clinton doesn’t help Cornwallis |
Created by:
tait.thorne5
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