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economics 12 ch4
Global Economy
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| wage rates | the established rates of pay for a specific job or work performed |
| Human Capital | The knowledge and skills that enable workers to be productive |
| Glass Ceiling | An artificial barrier to advancement faced by women and minorities |
| Civilian labor force | made up of people age 16 and older who are employed or actively looking for and available for work |
| Outsourcing | the practice of contracting with an outside company, often in a foreign country, to provide goods and services |
| Insourcing | the practice of foreign companies establishing operations in the U.S. (brings jobs) |
| Labor Union | An organization of workers that seeks to improve wages, working conditions, fringe benefits, job security and other work related matters for its members |
| Right-to-Work Laws | make it illegal to require workers to join unions |
| Collective Bargaining | The way businesses and unions negotiate wages and working conditions |
| Economic Interdependence | situation which producers in one nation depend on others to provide goods and services they do not produce |
| Absolute Advantage | the ability of one trading nation to make a product more efficiently than another |
| Comparative Advantage | A trading nation's ability to produce something at a lower opportunity cost than that of another trade nation |
| Export | goods and services produced in one country and sold to other countries |
| trade barrier | any law that limits free trade between nations |
| tariff | a fee charged for goods brought into a country from a foreign country |
| free-trade zone | a specific region in which trade betwen nations takes place w/out protective tariffs |
| European Union | The EU is an economic and political union of European nations established in 1993 |
| NAFTA | The North American Free Trade Agreement is designed to ensure trade w/out barriers between Canada, Mexico, and the USA |
| OPEC | Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries |
| World Trade Organization (WTO) | is a group of nations that adhere to the policies of the general agreement on tariffs and trade |
| perfect competition | the ideal model of a market economy |
| monopoly | a market structure in which only one seller sells a product for which there are no close substitutes |
| economies of scale | a situation in which the average cost of producion falls as the producer grows larger |
| patent | a legal registration of an invention or a process that gives the inventor the exclusive property rights to that invention or process for a certain number of years |
| monopolistic competition | a market structure in which many sellers offer similar, but not standardized, products to consumers |
| nonprice competition | the use of factors other than price- such as style, service, advertising, or giveaways to try to convince customers to buy from one producer rather than another |
| oligopoly | a market structure in which only a few sellers offer a similar product |
| deregulation | the reduction or elimination of government oversight and control of business |