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Terms 41-80
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Agrarian | Belief that rural (farms) society is superior to urban (city) society, the independent farmer is superior to the paid worker, and sees farming as a way of life that can shape the ideal social values. |
| Apartheid | South African government policy calling for separation of races. |
| Artifact | An item made by humans that is used by archeologists to learn about past cultures. |
| Authoritarian | Government led by a powerful person or small group of people. Limits on individual rights. |
| Balance of Power | Distribution of political and economic power that prevents any one nation from becoming too strong. |
| English Bill of Rights | 1689- A set of acts passed by Parliament to guarantee its superiority over the monarchy and certain rights to citizens. |
| Black Death | A contagious disease that devastated the world population during the 1300s. |
| Bushido | Code of conduct for samurai during the feudal period in Japan. |
| Caravel | Fast sailing ships used by the Portuguese to explore the West African Coast and the Atlantic Ocean during the Age of Discovery in the 15th and 16th Centuries. |
| Astrolabe | Instrument used to determine latitude by measuring the position of the stars. |
| Cash Crop | An agricultural crop which is grown for sale to return a profit. |
| Caste System | Social class system in India that one is born into. |
| Chernobyl | Worst nuclear accident in history,April 26, 1986 at a Power Plant in Ukraine. The accident raised concerns about the safety of the Soviet nuclear power industry. |
| Civilization | Community that shares a system of writing, development of social classes, and cities. |
| Cold War | Continuing state of tension and hostility between the United States and the Soviet Union after 1945 because of differences in political and economic philosophies. |
| Conquistador | Means “conqueror” Soldiers, explorers, and adventurers at the service of the Portuguese and Spanish Empire during the 16th and 17th Centuries. |
| Constitutional Monarchy | A government in which the power of the king is limited by a constitution of laws. |
| Containment | U.S. Cold War policy that involved limiting communism to areas already under Soviet control. |
| Cultural Diffusion | The exchange of ideas, customs, goods, and technologies among cultures. |
| Cuneiform | Wedge-shaped writing formed by pressing a pen-like instrument into clay. Developed by the Sumerians in the 4th Centuries. |
| Daimyo | In feudal Japan, a warrior lord who ruled most of the country and owned large amounts of land. 1600-1869 |
| Diaspora | The movement of a group from their original homeland. |
| Divine Right | A monarch receives the right to rule directly from God. |
| Dynasty | A sequence of rulers from the same family. |
| Ethnic Cleansing | The process or policy of eliminating unwanted ethnic or religious groups by deportation, mass murder, or by threats of such acts, with the intent of creating a territory inhabited by people of a pure ethnicity, religion, culture, and history. |
| Ethnocentrism | To judge other ethnic groups relative to your own ethnic group or culture, especially with concern for language, behavior, customs, and religion. |
| European Economic Community | Created in 1957, the aim was to bring about economic integration, including a common market to Europe. |
| Greenhouse Effect | A process by which thermal radiation from the Earth’s surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases, and is re-radiated in all directions back on Earth. |
| Guild | An association of artisans or merchants who control the practice of their craft in a particular town in Middle Ages Europe. |
| Hellenistic Period | The period of ancient Greek and Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire in 31 BC. |
| Heresy | A religious belief that is opposed to the official teachings of the Church. |
| Hieroglyphics | Writing system used by the ancient Egyptians that used pictures and symbols. |
| Imperialism | Domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region. |
| Sale of Indulgences | A pardon (forgiveness) for sins that was sold by the Catholic Church. |
| Infrastructure | Basic physical and organizational structures needed for the operation of a society. |
| Iron Curtain | The imaginary line through Europe that divided the democracies of the West from the communist countries of the East. |
| Islamic Fundamentalism | Movement by Muslim reformers who oppose westernization and want to apply Islamic principles to problems in their nations. |
| Isolationism | Belief in isolating a nation from the foreign affairs of other nations. |
| Jihad | Islamic word meaning the struggle against those who do not believe in the Islamic God Allah. |
| Laissez-Faire | Policy allowing business to operate with little or no government interference. |
| Magna Carta | A charter signed by the English king John in 1215 that placed limits on the king’s power. |
Created by:
mrdesar
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